Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.

Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections.

The student experience during a rural clerkship in Brazil.

Introduction: Universities have the ability to bring science and comprehensive care to remote regions. This can be done through the creation of rural clerkships during the training of health professionals.

Methods: Report of students' experiences during their rural clerkships in Brazil.

Home visits in rural areas: demands in primary care.

Introduction: The rural population suffers from important limitations in accessing health care, often lacking a public policy approach to the health and sanitation conditions of their environment. In this sense, primary care emerges with the objective of offering comprehensive care to the population, applying some of its principles as territorialization, person-centered care, longitudinality, and resolution in health care. The goal is to offer the basic health needs of the population considering the determinants and conditions of health in each territory.

The use of health education strategies and art in rural health prevention focusing on alcohol abuse/addiction and other drugs.

Introduction: Health education is a relevant strategy to prevent alcohol and other drugs addiction. The objective of this study is to analyze health education strategies used to prevent drug abuse and addiction in rural areas.

Methods: This study is an integrative review.

The Limerick Declaration on Rural Health Care 2022.

The 19th World Rural Health Conference, hosted in rural Ireland and the University of Limerick, with over 650 participants coming from 40 countries and an additional 1600 engaging online, has carefully considered how best rural communities can be empowered to improve their own health and the health of those around them. The conference also considered the role of national health systems and all stakeholders, in keeping with the commitments made through the Sustainable Development Goals and the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health as one of the fundamental rights of every human being. This conference declaration, the Limerick Declaration on Rural Healthcare, is designed to inform rural communities, academics and policymakers about how to achieve the goal of delivering high quality health care in rural and remote areas most effectively, with a particular focus on the Irish healthcare system.

Fever of Unknown Origin, Wasting Syndrome and Bone Marrow Involvement: A Leprosy Case Report.

, the etiologic agent of leprosy, is an acid-fast-staining and slow-growing bacilli that infect macrophages and Schwann cells individually or through forming globi. The clinical presentation of leprosy is broad and depends on the host immune response. We report a case of a 42-year-old Brazilian man presenting with fever of unknown origin (FUO), anemia, wasting syndrome, and neuropathy.

Type 2 leprosy reaction presenting as a monoarthritis post multidrug therapy.

Type 2 leprosy reaction, or (ENL), involves a complex interaction between the host's immune system and . It may occur before, during, or after treatment and have a variable clinical presentation involving different body systems, such as skin, osteoarticular, kidneys, and others. Thus, the differential diagnosis, depending on its clinical presentation, can be broad and challenging.

Leprosy Relapse: A Retrospective Study on Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects at a Brazilian Referral Center.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize the profile of patients diagnosed with leprosy relapse and understand the influence of different multidrug therapy (MDT) treatments and initial disease presentation.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with leprosy relapse at a referral center in Brazil from 2013 to 2018. We analyzed their clinico-epidemiologic characteristics, laboratory data, and bacilloscopic tests.