Stroke Triage Alpha Rescue Score (STARS): Prehospital phone-based tool to identify cerebral large vessel occlusion.

Introduction: Prehospital identification of stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is crucial to optimize transport to an endovascular thrombectomy (EVT)-capable center. Existing scores require medical or paramedical expertise and specific teachings. We aimed to validate a simple prehospital phone-based score for LVO identification.

Comprehensive Vulnerability Evaluation of Face Recognition Systems to Template Inversion Attacks via 3D Face Reconstruction.

In this article, we comprehensively evaluate the vulnerability of state-of-the-art face recognition systems to template inversion attacks using 3D face reconstruction. We propose a new method (called GaFaR) to reconstruct 3D faces from facial templates using a pretrained geometry-aware face generation network, and train a mapping from facial templates to the intermediate latent space of the face generator network. We train our mapping with a semi-supervised approach using real and synthetic face images.

Thrombolysis and thrombectomy for stroke in octogenarians and nonagenarians: A regional observational study.

Introduction: Elderly patients are a growing population in stroke units, characterized by higher frailty, but underrepresented in clinical trials about acute care. We investigated efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in elderlies in current practice.

Methods: We assessed consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalized in the four stroke units of the French Northern Alps Emergency Network between 2015 and 2020.

Genome-wide cancer-specific chromatin accessibility patterns derived from archival processed xenograft tumors.

Chromatin accessibility states that influence gene expression and other nuclear processes can be altered in disease. The constellation of transcription factors and chromatin regulatory complexes in cells results in characteristic patterns of chromatin accessibility. The study of these patterns in tissues has been limited because existing chromatin accessibility assays are ineffective for archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.

Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Motor Recovery in Subacute Ischemic Stroke: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

While preclinical stroke studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote recovery, few randomized controlled trials (RCT) have assessed cell therapy in humans. In this RCT, we assessed the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of intravenous autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs in subacute stroke. ISIS-HERMES was a single-center, open-label RCT, with a 2-year follow-up.

Plant-derived protein bodies as delivery vehicles for recombinant proteins into mammalian cells.

The encapsulation of biopharmaceuticals into micro- or nanoparticles is a strategy frequently used to prevent degradation or to achieve the slow release of therapeutics and vaccines. Protein bodies (PBs), which occur naturally as storage organelles in seeds, can be used as such carrier vehicles. The fusion of the N-terminal sequence of the maize storage protein, γ-zein, to other proteins is sufficient to induce the formation of PBs, which can be used to bioencapsulate recombinant proteins directly in the plant production host.

Angioedema associated with thrombolysis for ischemic stroke: analysis of a case-control study.

Background: Bradykinin-mediated angioedema (AE) is a complication associated with thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Risk factors are unknown and management is discussed.

Objectives: To clarify risk factors associated with bradykinin-mediated AE after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.

In Vivo Glycan Engineering via the Mannosidase I Inhibitor (Kifunensine) Improves Efficacy of Rituximab Manufactured in Plants.

N-glycosylation has been shown to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of several classes of biologics, including monoclonal antibodies, blood factors, and lysosomal enzymes. In the last two decades, N-glycan engineering has been employed to achieve a N-glycosylation profile that is either more consistent or aligned with a specific improved activity (i.e.

Plant-made E2 glycoprotein single-dose vaccine protects pigs against classical swine fever.

Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) causes classical swine fever, a highly contagious hemorrhagic fever affecting both feral and domesticated pigs. Outbreaks of CSF in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America had significant adverse impacts on animal health, food security and the pig industry. The disease is generally contained by prevention of exposure through import restrictions (e.

Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Tegeline®), Administered at Home in Patients with Autoimmune Disease: Results of a French Study.

The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) has been known for several decades. Majority of these patients received IVIg in hospital. A retrospective study was conducted in 22 centers in France to evaluate the feasibility of the administration of Tegeline, an IVIg from LFB Biomedicaments, and assess its safety at home, compared to in hospital, in patients with AID.

Implementation of Glycan Remodeling to Plant-Made Therapeutic Antibodies.

-glycosylation profoundly affects the biological stability and function of therapeutic proteins, which explains the recent interest in glycoengineering technologies as methods to develop biobetter therapeutics. In current manufacturing processes, -glycosylation is host-specific and remains difficult to control in a production environment that changes with scale and production batches leading to glycosylation heterogeneity and inconsistency. On the other hand, in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling has been successful in producing homogeneous pre-defined protein glycoforms, but needs to be combined with a cost-effective and scalable production method.

25S rDNA genotype and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Candida albicans in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).

The present investigation aimed to assess the prevalence of genotypes of C. albicans in Ouagadougou and to analyze the relationship between the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility. Ninety-six clinical strains are included.

Patient eligibility for thrombectomy after acute stroke: Northern French Alps database analysis.

Background: Since 2015, the emergence of mechanical thrombectomy as standard care in acute stroke has involved organizational changes not only for stroke centers, but also for entire emergency regional networks. The aim of our study was to assess the proportion of ischemic stroke patients, admitted to stroke units in the Northern French Alps within the first 6h of onset, eligible for thrombectomy.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological data of all acute stroke patients hospitalized at three stroke units of the Northern French Alps Emergency Network (RENAU) in 2014.

Techno-economic analysis of a transient plant-based platform for monoclonal antibody production.

Plant-based biomanufacturing of therapeutic proteins is a relatively new platform with a small number of commercial-scale facilities, but offers advantages of linear scalability, reduced upstream complexity, reduced time to market, and potentially lower capital and operating costs. In this study we present a detailed process simulation model for a large-scale new "greenfield" biomanufacturing facility that uses transient agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana plants grown hydroponically indoors under light-emitting diode lighting for the production of a monoclonal antibody. The model was used to evaluate the total capital investment, annual operating cost, and cost of goods sold as a function of mAb expression level in the plant (g mAb/kg fresh weight of the plant) and production capacity (kg mAb/year).

Commercial-scale biotherapeutics manufacturing facility for plant-made pharmaceuticals.

Rapid, large-scale manufacture of medical countermeasures can be uniquely met by the plant-made-pharmaceutical platform technology. As a participant in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Blue Angel project, the Caliber Biotherapeutics facility was designed, constructed, commissioned and released a therapeutic target (H1N1 influenza subunit vaccine) in <18 months from groundbreaking. As of 2015, this facility was one of the world's largest plant-based manufacturing facilities, with the capacity to process over 3500 kg of plant biomass per week in an automated multilevel growing environment using proprietary LED lighting.

Image Quality Assessment for Fake Biometric Detection: Application to Iris, Fingerprint, and Face Recognition.

To ensure the actual presence of a real legitimate trait in contrast to a fake self-manufactured synthetic or reconstructed sample is a significant problem in biometric authentication, which requires the development of new and efficient protection measures. In this paper, we present a novel software-based fake detection method that can be used in multiple biometric systems to detect different types of fraudulent access attempts. The objective of the proposed system is to enhance the security of biometric recognition frameworks, by adding liveness assessment in a fast, user-friendly, and non-intrusive manner, through the use of image quality assessment.

A scalable formulation of probabilistic linear discriminant analysis: applied to face recognition.

In this paper, we present a scalable and exact solution for probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA). PLDA is a probabilistic model that has been shown to provide state-of-the-art performance for both face and speaker recognition. However, it has one major drawback: At training time estimating the latent variables requires the inversion and storage of a matrix whose size grows quadratically with the number of samples for the identity (class).

Plant species and organ influence the structure and subcellular localization of recombinant glycoproteins.

Many plant-based systems have been developed as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins. The choice of system for large-scale production depends on its intrinsic expression efficiency and its propensity for scale-up, post-harvest storage and downstream processing. Factors that must be considered include the anticipated production scale, the value and intended use of the product, the geographical production area, the proximity of processing facilities, intellectual property, safety and economics.

RNAi-mediated Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed trait: performance of transgenic lines under field conditions.

Cottonseed remains a low-value by-product of lint production mainly due to the presence of toxic gossypol that makes it unfit for monogastrics. Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ULGCS) lines were developed using RNAi knockdown of δ-cadinene synthase gene(s) in Gossypium hirsutum. The purpose of the current study was to assess the stability and specificity of the ULGCS trait and evaluate the agronomic performance of the transgenic lines.

Human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope expression in blood and brain cells provides new insights into multiple sclerosis disease.

Background: The envelope protein from multiple sclerosis (MS) associated retroviral element (MSRV), a member of the Human Endogenous Retroviral family 'W' (HERV-W), induces dysimmunity and inflammation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to confirm and specify the association between HERV-W/MSRV envelope (Env) expression and MS.

Methods: 103 MS, 199 healthy controls (HC) and controls with other neurological diseases (28), chronic infections (30) or autoimmunity (30) were analysed with an immunoassay detecting Env in serum.

Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed: generational stability of the seed-specific, RNAi-mediated phenotype and resumption of terpenoid profile following seed germination.

Cottonseed, containing 22.5% protein, remains an under-utilized and under-valued resource because of the presence of toxic gossypol. RNAi-knockdown of δ-cadinene synthase gene(s) was used to engineer plants that produced ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ULGCS).

Tissue-adapted invasion strategies of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast, the most serious foliar fungal disease of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). During hemibiotrophic leaf infection, the pathogen simultaneously combines biotrophic and necrotrophic growth. Here, we provide cytological and molecular evidence that, in contrast to leaf tissue infection, the fungus adopts a uniquely biotrophic infection strategy in roots for a prolonged period and spreads without causing a loss of host cell viability.