ABA signaling converts stem cell fate by substantiating a tradeoff between cell polarity, growth and cell cycle progression and abiotic stress responses in the moss .

Abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated abiotic stress tolerance causes plant growth inhibition. Under such stress conditions, some mosses generate stress-resistant stem cells, also called brood cells or brachycytes, that do not exist under normal conditions. However, the cell physiological basis of the growth inhibition and the stem cell formation is not well understood.

Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase GS1;3 Is Involved in Rice Grain Ripening and Germination.

Ammonium is combined with glutamate to form glutamine. This reaction is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS or GLN). Plants harbor several isoforms of cytosolic GS (GS1).

Transport-coupled ubiquitination of the borate transporter BOR1 for its boron-dependent degradation.

Plants take up and translocate nutrients through transporters. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the borate exporter BOR1 acts as a key transporter under boron (B) limitation in the soil. Upon sufficient-B supply, BOR1 undergoes ubiquitination and is transported to the vacuole for degradation, to avoid overaccumulation of B.

Root shape adaptation to mechanical stress derived from unidirectional vibrations in .

While it is known that plant roots can change their shapes to the stress direction, it remains unclear if the root orientation can change as a means for mechanical reinforcement. When stress in form of a unidirectional vibration is applied to cuttings of for 5 min a day over a period of 20 days, the root system architecture changes. The contribution of roots with a diameter larger than 0.

Polar Localization of the Borate Exporter BOR1 Requires AP2-Dependent Endocytosis.

Boron (B) is an essential element in plants but is toxic when it accumulates to high levels. In root cells of Arabidopsis (), the borate exporter BOR1 is polarly localized in the plasma membrane toward the stele side for directional transport of B. Upon high-B supply, BOR1 is rapidly internalized and degraded in the vacuole.

A temporal and spatial contribution of asparaginase to asparagine catabolism during development of rice grains.

Background: Asparagine is one of the most dominant organic nitrogen compounds in phloem and xylem sap in a wide range of plant species. Asparaginase (ASNase; EC, 3.5.

Contributions of two cytosolic glutamine synthetase isozymes to ammonium assimilation in Arabidopsis roots.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes a reaction that incorporates ammonium into glutamate and yields glutamine in the cytosol and chloroplasts. Although the enzymatic characteristics of the GS1 isozymes are well known, their physiological functions in ammonium assimilation and regulation in roots remain unclear. In this study we show evidence that two cytosolic GS1 isozymes (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) contribute to ammonium assimilation in Arabidopsis roots.

NADH-dependent glutamate synthase participated in ammonium assimilation in Arabidopsis root.

Higher plants have 2 GOGAT species, Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT. While Fd-GOGAT mainly assimilates ammonium in leaves, which is derived from photorespiration, the function of NADH-GOGAT, which is highly expressed in roots, (1) needs to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of NADH-GOGAT in Arabidopsis roots.