Prolonged treatment planning can increase real rectal dose in 3D brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of 3D brachytherapy planning time on the real dose distribution.

Material And Methods: 10 patients with cervical cancer were evaluated using 2 computed tomography (CT) scans brachytherapy. The first scan was performed after the insertion of UVAG applicators, and the second was done after creating the treatment plan, just before the irradiation of first and third fraction.

From Tumor Immunology to Immunotherapy in Gastric and Esophageal Cancer.

Esophageal and gastric cancers represent tumors with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy have made only limited progress in recent years in improving the generally disappointing outcome. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is a novel treatment approach that quickly entered clinical practice in malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer, but the role in esophageal and gastric cancer is still poorly defined.

HILIC/ESI-MS determination of gangliosides and other polar lipid classes in renal cell carcinoma and surrounding normal tissues.

Negative-ion hydrophilic liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HILIC/ESI-MS) method has been optimized for the quantitative analysis of ganglioside (GM3) and other polar lipid classes, such as sulfohexosylceramides (SulfoHexCer), sulfodihexosylceramides (SulfoHex2Cer), phosphatidylglycerols (PG), phosphatidylinositols (PI), lysophosphatidylinositols (LPI), and phosphatidylserines (PS). The method is fully validated for the quantitation of the studied lipids in kidney normal and tumor tissues of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients based on the lipid class separation and the coelution of lipid class internal standard with the species from the same lipid class. The raw data are semi-automatically processed using our software LipidQuant and statistically evaluated using multivariate data analysis (MDA) methods, which allows the complete differentiation of both groups with 100% specificity and sensitivity.

ABC Transporters and Their Role in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Esophageal Cancer.

The prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) is poor, despite considerable effort of both experimental scientists and clinicians. The tri-modality treatment consisting of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery has remained the gold standard over decades, unfortunately, without significant progress in recent years. Suitable prognostic factors indicating which patients will benefit from this tri-modality treatment are missing.

[Current Status of Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Esophageal and Gastric Tumors - Overview of Studies].

Background: Despite recent advances in oncological treatment, gastric and esophageal cancer remain neoplastic diseases with poor prognoses. The only potential curative treatment is surgical resection with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Targeted therapy of metastatic disease unfortunately does not provide better outcomes than for other tumor types, with the exception of trastuzumab and ramucirumab, which have relatively limited efficacy.

Stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of local recurrences of esophageal cancer.

Esophageal cancer (EC) consists of tumors with a generally poor prognosis, and treatment options for patients with disease recurrence are extremely limited. Due to this poor patient prognosis, the possible treatment toxicity should be carefully balanced against its potential benefit and patient quality of life. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a rapidly expanding novel technique combining a short treatment time together with high local efficacy and an acceptable toxicity profile.

Potential Predictive Role of MicroRNAs in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Esophageal Cancer.

Esophageal cancer is a disease with disappointing prognosis. Currently, there are no predictive factors that can identify patients who on the one hand would likely benefit from tri-modality management and, on the other hand, would not be significantly affected by the morbidity accompanying the treatment. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs responsible for post-transcriptional modification of gene expression by binding to 3'-UTR of messenger RNA and represent emerging potential predictive biomarkers of treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) efficacy and toxicity.

Prognostic Influence of Internal Mammary Node Drainage in Patients with Early-stage Breast Cancer.

Background: The management of internal mammary nodes (IMNs) during multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer has been debated for the last four decades without unequivocal conclusion.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at our center from 2008 until 2012. IMN drainage was assessed as a potential risk factor for local and distant disease recurrence.

Treatment of brain metastases.

Background: Brain metastases are a very common neurological sequela in cancer patients. The ability of current anti-cancer therapies to prolong overall survival is beleaguered by this development in the case of a number of different cancers. This review provides a general overview of relevant treatment modalities, highlights major decision strategies used in selecting the optimal treatment algorithm and summarizes important steps necessary before initiating therapy.

Radiotherapy management of brain metastases using conventional linear accelerator.

Background And Aims: As treatments for primary cancers continue to improve life expectancy, unfortunately, brain metastases also appear to be constantly increasing and life expectancy for patients with brain metastases is low. Longer survival and improved quality of life may be achieved using localised radiological and surgical approaches in addition to low dose corticosteroids. Stereotactic brain radiotherapy is one rapidly evolving localized radiation treatment.

Treatment of brain metastases of renal cell cancer with combined hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and whole brain radiotherapy with hippocampal sparing.

Renal cell cancer patients with brain metastatic disease generally have poor prognosis. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy or best supportive care with respect to disease burden, patient preference and performance status. In the present case report the radiotherapy technique combining whole brain radiotherapy with hippocampal sparing (hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy HA-WBRT) and hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of the brain metastases is performed in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.