Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies of Concussions: A Comprehensive Review.

A concussion is a particular manifestation of a traumatic brain injury, which is the leading cause of mortality and disabilities across the globe. The global prevalence of traumatic brain injury is estimated to be 939 instances per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5.48 million people per year experiencing severe traumatic brain injury.

Osteopathic manipulative treatment in individuals with vertigo and somatic dysfunction: a randomized, controlled, comparative feasibility study.

Context: There is a paucity of research assessing the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in patients with vertigo.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized, controlled trial comparing OMT and vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT), alone or in combination, in patients with vertigo and somatic dysfunction.

Methods: Volunteers with vertigo who were also diagnosed with somatic dysfunction (SD) were prospectively enrolled in a blinded, randomized, controlled cohort comparative effectiveness study and assigned to 1 of 4 groups: OMT alone, VRT alone, a combination of OMT and VRT (OMT/VRT), or a nonintervention control group.

The preclinical candidate indole-2-carboxamide improves immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in healthy subjects and individuals with type 2 diabetes.

A novel group of agents known as the indole-2-carboxamides (often referred to as indoleamides) have been shown to demonstrate high antimycobacterial activity. Studies have demonstrated that the best indoleamides possess desirable ADME/Tox properties, with less adverse effects and increased efficacy against both MDR-TB (multi-drug resistant TB) and XDR-TB (extensively drug-resistant TB). The primary mechanism of killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by indoleamides is by disrupting the function of the essential mycolic acid transporter MmpL3 protein (Mycobacterial membrane protein Large 3).

Flavonoid Mixture Inhibits Survival and Infectivity.

Background: Flavonoids have been shown to exert anti-pathogenic potential, but few studies have investigated their effects on () infectivity. We hypothesized that a flavonoid mixture would have a favorable influence on cell death and the resolution of infection in THP-1 macrophages and in granulomas derived from both healthy participants and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: THP-1 macrophages, and in vitro granulomas from healthy participants ( = 8) and individuals with T2DM ( = 5) were infected with .

The Synergistic Effects of the Glutathione Precursor, NAC and First-Line Antibiotics in the Granulomatous Response Against .

(), the causative bacterial agent responsible for tuberculosis (TB) continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Although the human immune system plays a critical role in containing infection, elimination proves immensely more challenging. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate, and limit the spread of through the conventional use of first-line antibiotics.

Effects of ReadiSorb L-GSH in Altering Granulomatous Responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

(), a rod-shaped acid-fast bacterium, is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). TB remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additionally, approximately one-third of the world's population has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) as a result of the body's primary mechanism of defense against infection, the formation of a granuloma.

Use of the SMART Balance Master to quantify the effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment in patients with dizziness.

Context: Dizziness is the third most common complaint among outpatients and the most common complaint in patients aged 75 years or older. It can be incapacitating for patients, affecting both productivity and quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for spinal somatic dysfunction in patients with dizziness lasting longer than 3 months.

Role of the musculoskeletal system and the prevention of falls.

Approximately 30% of older adults fall at least once per year, with falls being the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries for individuals in this age group. Because of projected increases in the older adult population, the annual cost of fatal and nonfatal fall-related injuries is estimated to reach $32.4 billion in 2020.

Osteopathic manipulative treatment and vertigo: a pilot study.

Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of studying osteopathic manipulative treatment and its potential effectiveness for patients with vertigo.

Design: A nonrandomized pilot study.

Setting: Outpatient clinic affiliated with a teaching hospital and osteopathic medical school.