TetrODrive: an open-source microdrive for combined electrophysiology and optophysiology.

. In tetrode recordings, the cell types of the recorded units are difficult to determine based on electrophysiological characteristics alone. Optotagging, the use of optogenetic stimulation to precisely identify cells, is a method to overcome this challenge.

An optically transparent multi-electrode array for combined electrophysiology and optophysiology at the mesoscopic scale.

Objective: A number of tissue penetrating opto-electrodes to simultaneously record and optogenetically influence brain activity have been developed. For experiments at the surface of the brain, such as electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings and surface optogenetics, fewer devices have been described and no device has found widespread adoption for neuroscientific experiments. One issue slowing adoption is the complexity and fragility of existing devices, typically based on transparent electrode materials like graphene and indium-tin oxide (ITO).

Rhodiola rosea root extract has antipsychotic-like effects in rodent models of sensorimotor gating.

Unlabelled: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plant arctic root (Rhodiola rosea, L.) is growing in northern regions of Europe, Asia and North America. Extracts of R.

CAVE: An Open-Source Tool for Combined Analysis of Head-Mounted Calcium Imaging and Behavior in MATLAB.

Calcium imaging in freely behaving rodents using head-mounted miniature microscopes is currently becoming an increasingly popular technique in neuroscience. Due to the large amounts of complex data that the technique produces, user friendly software is needed for quick and efficient processing. Here, we present a new tool for analyzing calcium imaging data from head-mounted microscopes together with simultaneously acquired behavioral data: CAVE (Calcium ActiVity Explorer).

Predator odour but not TMT induces 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats that lead to defensive behaviours in conspecifics upon replay.

Predator odours induce defensive behaviour in prey animals such as rats. The present study investigated (1) whether laboratory rats exposed to predator odours emit 22-kHz calls which may have an alarming function and (2) whether playback of such calls induces behavioural changes in conspecifics. For this, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to samples of fox and lion urine, as well as to the synthetic predator odour TMT.