f.a., sp. nov. and f.a., sp. nov., two yeast species isolated from mushrooms and associated insects in a Brazilian Amazonian rainforest biome.

Thirty yeast isolates belonging to the genera and were isolated from mushrooms and associated drosophilids collected in a Brazilian Amazonian rainforest biome. Analyses of the sequences of the intergenic spacer region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that these isolates represent two distinct species. The first, represented by ten isolates, is phylogenetically related to and based on the sequences of the D1/D2 domains.

Description of gen. nov. based on taxogenomic analysis, with two new species, f.a., sp. nov. and f.a., sp. nov.

Four yeast isolates obtained from tree bark and fermenting sap of spp. and insects in Colombia and Japan were phylogenetically related to based on analyses of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene. The novel species differs from by 20 nt substitutions and 5 indels in the D1/D2 sequences.

The effect of microbiome on social spacing in depends on genetic background and sex.

The gut microbiome modulates many essential functions including metabolism, immunity, and behaviour. Specifically, within behaviour, social behaviours such as sociability, aggregation, mating preference, avoidance, oviposition, and aggression are known to be regulated in part by this host-microbiome relationship. Here, we show the microbiome's role in the determination of social spacing in a sex- and genotype-specific manner.

Live yeasts accelerate Drosophila melanogaster larval development.

Insect guts house a complex community of microbes that affect host physiology, performance and behavior. Gut microbiome research has largely focused on bacteria-host symbioses and paid less attention to other taxa, such as yeasts. We found that axenic Drosophila melanogaster (reared free of microbes) develops from egg to adult more slowly (ca.

Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov., a xylose-fermenting yeast isolated from galleries of passalid beetles and rotting wood in the Amazonian rainforest biome.

Four yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood and galleries of passalid beetles collected in different sites of the Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. This yeast produces unconjugated allantoid asci each with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-5.

Yeast sexes: mating types do not determine the sexes in Metschnikowia species.

Although filamentous Ascomycetes may produce structures that are interpreted as male and female gametangia, ascomycetous yeasts are generally not considered to possess male and female sexes. In haplontic yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia, the sexual cycle begins with the fusion of two morphologically identical cells of complementary mating types. Soon after conjugation, a protuberance emerges from one of the conjugants, eventually maturing into an ascus.

Taxogenomic analyses of f.a, sp. nov. and f.a., sp. nov., two novel species isolated from plant substrates and insects.

Four yeast isolates collected from flowers from different ecosystems in Brazil, one from fruit of in Argentina, three from flowers of in Chile and one obtained from the proventriculus of a female bumblebee in Canada were demonstred, by analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene, to represent two novel species of the genus . These species are described here as f.a, sp.

f.a, sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from rotting wood in Brazil and Colombia.

Three yeast isolate candidates for a novel species were obtained from rotting wood samples collected in Brazil and Colombia. The Brazilian isolate differs from the Colombian isolates by one nucleotide substitution in each of the D1/D2 and small subunit (SSU) sequences. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences of the three isolates were identical.

Yeasts from tropical forests: Biodiversity, ecological interactions, and as sources of bioinnovation.

Tropical rainforests and related biomes are found in Asia, Australia, Africa, Central and South America, Mexico, and many Pacific Islands. These biomes encompass less than 20% of Earth's terrestrial area, may contain about 50% of the planet's biodiversity, and are endangered regions vulnerable to deforestation. Tropical rainforests have a great diversity of substrates that can be colonized by yeasts.

sp. nov., a predacious yeast isolated from soil and rotten wood in an Amazonian rainforest biome.

Three yeast isolates were obtained from soil and rotting wood samples collected in an Amazonian rainforest biome in Brazil. Comparison of the intergenic spacer 5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus .

f.a., sp. nov., f.a., sp. nov., f.a., sp. nov. and f.a., sp. nov., four yeast species isolated from mushrooms and drosophilids in a Brazilian Amazonian rainforest biome.

Ten yeast isolates representing four candidate novel species of the genus were obtained from different species of mushrooms and drosophilids collected in an Amazonian Forest biome in Brazil. Sequence analyses of the ITS 5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that four isolates were phylogenetically related to , two isolates related to , two isolates related to , and another two isolates related to , , and .

f.a., sp. nov., a new yeast species isolated from the gut of the wood-feeding termite sp.

The gut of xylophagous insects such as termites harbours various symbiotic micro-organisms, including many yeast species. In a taxonomic study of gut-associated yeasts, two strains (ATS2.16 and ATS2.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., two d-xylose-fermenting ascosporogenous yeasts from Amazonian Forest biomes.

Four isolates of species were recovered from rotting wood collected in two Brazilian Amazonian biomes. The isolates produced unconjugated allantoid asci with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the ITS-5.

Phylogenies in yeast species descriptions: In defense of neighbor-joining.

The neighbor-joining (NJ) method of tree inference is examined, with special attention to its use in yeast species descriptions. How the often-vilified method works is often misunderstood. More importantly, given the right kind of data, its output is a phylogram that illustrates a hypothetical phylogeny that is just as credible as that obtained by any other method.

Superior Conjugative Plasmids Delivered by Bacteria to Diverse Fungi.

Fungi are nature's recyclers, allowing for ecological nutrient cycling and, in turn, the continuation of life on Earth. Some fungi inhabit the human microbiome where they can provide health benefits, while others are opportunistic pathogens that can cause disease. Yeasts, members of the fungal kingdom, have been domesticated by humans for the production of beer, bread, and, recently, medicine and chemicals.

Mutational Effects of Mobile Introns on the Mitochondrial Genomes of Yeasts.

It has been argued that DNA repair by homologous recombination in the context of endonuclease-mediated cleavage can cause mutations. To better understand this phenomenon, we examined homologous recombination following endonuclease cleavage in a native genomic context: the movement of self-splicing introns in the mitochondrial genomes of yeasts. Self-splicing mitochondrial introns are mobile elements, which can copy and paste themselves at specific insertion sites in mitochondrial DNA using a homing endonuclease in conjunction with homologous recombination.

f. a., sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from tropical habitats.

Four yeast isolates with an affinity to the genus were obtained from beach sand, a marine zoanthid and a tree exudate at different localities in Brazil. Two other isolates with almost identical ITS and D1/D2 sequences of the large subunit rRNA gene were isolated from the small intestine of cattle and a grease trap in Thailand. These isolates represent a novel species phylogenetically related to , , , and .

The evolving species concepts used for yeasts: from phenotypes and genomes to speciation networks.

Here we review how evolving species concepts have been applied to understand yeast diversity. Initially, a phenotypic species concept was utilized taking into consideration morphological aspects of colonies and cells, and growth profiles. Later the biological species concept was added, which applied data from mating experiments.

sp. nov., a xylitol-producing yeast species isolated from rotting wood and frass of cerambycid larva.

Six yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood samples in Brazil and frass of a cerambycid beetle larva in French Guiana. Sequence analysis of the ITS-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of .

On nanoparticles, paraphyly, inventions, yeasts and diarrhea.

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