Analyses of response time data in the same-different task.

The Same-Different task presents two stimuli in close succession and participants must indicate whether they are completely identical or if there are any attributes that differ. While the task is simple, its results have proven difficult to explain. Notably, response times are characterized by a effect whereby responses are faster than responses even though identical stimuli should be exhaustively processed to be accurate.

Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, PTSD, and Psychological distress (PD) related to COVID-19 among affected populations.

Methods: We searched articles in Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Random-effects meta-analyses on the proportions of individuals with symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, PTSD, and PD were generated and between-group differences for gender, healthcare workers (HCWs), and regions where studies were conducted.

The cognitive architecture of processes responsible to assess similarity and clarity in a comparison task.

When asked to compare two stimuli, participants are on average faster to respond Same than Different, an effect coined the fast-same. The dual-process theory argues that information about similarity is processed in priority over any other type of information, causing the fast-same effect. We tested this serial architecture of cognitive processes using a double factorial paradigm, suitable for a Systems Factorial Technology (SFT) analysis.

The fast-same effect of an exclusive-OR task.

Participants are faster to decide that two stimuli are identical than to decide that they are different. Opposing theories suggested that this fast-same effect is either due (a) to a response bias toward similarity or (b) to facilitation caused by the repetition of the stimuli attributes. Although both theories predict the fast-same effect in a conventional same-different task, they make distinct predictions for tasks in which response bias is removed.

Cognitive architecture and capacity of the cognitive system responsible for Same - Different judgments.

Participants tend to match identical pairs of stimuli faster than different pairs. Despite many endeavours to explain this fast-same effect, there is still no theoretical consensus. A potential reason for the lack of consensus is that the cognitive architecture and capacity underlying such phenomenon is assumed and not formally tested.

Sequential sampling models of same-different data and how they explain the fast-same effect.

There have been many empirical endeavors to explain the fact that participants correctly identify stimuli faster than stimuli. Despite a large body of literature, a conclusive and unanimous consensus to explain this effect is lacking. The present study offers a new perspective on the task using best-fitting parametric values of 2 sequential sampling models (linear ballistic accumulator [LBA] and drift-diffusion model [DDM]) to evaluate the contribution of 3 theoretical concepts (starting point, accumulation rate, and base time) to the fast-same effect.