Real-Time Multiscale Monitoring and Tailoring of Graphene Growth on Liquid Copper.

The synthesis of large, defect-free two-dimensional materials (2DMs) such as graphene is a major challenge toward industrial applications. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on liquid metal catalysts (LMCats) is a recently developed process for the fast synthesis of high-quality single crystals of 2DMs. However, up to now, the lack of techniques enabling direct feedback on the growth has limited our understanding of the process dynamics and primarily led to empirical growth recipes.