TRPV1 activation in human Langerhans cells and T cells inhibits mucosal HIV-1 infection via CGRP-dependent and independent mechanisms.

Upon its mucosal transmission, HIV type 1 (HIV-1) rapidly targets genital antigen-presenting Langerhans cells (LCs), which subsequently transfer infectious virus to CD4 T cells. We previously described an inhibitory neuroimmune cross talk, whereby calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide secreted by peripheral pain-sensing nociceptor neurons innervating all mucosal epithelia and associating with LCs, strongly inhibits HIV-1 transfer. As nociceptors secret CGRP following the activation of their Ca ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and as we reported that LCs secret low levels of CGRP, we investigated whether LCs express functional TRPV1.

Robot-Assisted Surgery vs Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer: A Cost-Utility Analysis.

Prostate cancer is the most common men cancer in France. Continuous progress in oncology led to develop robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomies (rRP) and robot-assisted stereotactic body radiotherapy (rSBRT). The present study aims at comparing economic and clinical impacts of prostate cancer treatments performed either with rSBRT or rRP in France.

CGRP inhibits human Langerhans cells infection with HSV by differentially modulating specific HSV-1 and HSV-2 entry mechanisms.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is widespread globally, with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 responsible for genital herpes. During sexual transmission, HSV targets epithelial cells, sensory peripheral pain neurons secreting the mucosal neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and mucosal immune cells including Langerhans cells (LCs). We previously described a neuro-immune crosstalk, whereby CGRP inhibits LCs-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission.

Native CGRP Neuropeptide and Its Stable Analogue SAX, But Not CGRP Peptide Fragments, Inhibit Mucosal HIV-1 Transmission.

Background: The vasodilator neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays both detrimental and protective roles in different pathologies. CGRP is also an essential component of the neuro-immune dialogue between nociceptors and mucosal immune cells. We previously discovered that CGRP is endowed with anti-viral activity and strongly inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, by suppressing Langerhans cells (LCs)-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection and mucosal HIV-1 transmission .

Feasibility and safety of targeted focal microwave ablation of the index tumor in patients with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer: Results of the FOSTINE trial.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, safety and precision of organ-based tracking (OBT)-fusion targeted focal microwave ablation (FMA), in patients with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer.

Patients And Method: Ten patients with a visible index tumor of Gleason score ≤3+4, largest diameter <20mm were included. Transrectal OBT-fusion targeted FMA was performed using an 18G needle.

Assessment of prognostic implication of a panel of oncogenes in bladder cancer and identification of a 3-gene signature associated with recurrence and progression risk in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

This study evaluated the prognostic value of a panel of 29 oncogenes derived from the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA data) or from the recent literature on bladder tumors on a well-characterized series of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) samples and tried to identify molecular prognostic markers. Mutations of HRAS, FGFR3, PIK3CA and TERT were found in 2.9%, 27.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Enzalutamide and Its Active Metabolite N-Desmethyl Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients.

Introduction: Enzalutamide (ENZA) is an oral androgen receptor inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of metastatic and nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ENZA is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 into N-desmethyl ENZA (NDE), an active metabolite. We aimed to explore the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship for ENZA and NDE in metastatic CRPC patients from a real-world setting.

: A new molecular marker predicting risk of progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Promoter mutations of pleckstrin homology domain-containing S1 () are frequent in several cancer types. To evaluate the DNA mutations, the mRNA expression and prognostic value of was evaluated in bladder cancer. We investigated DNA mutations and mRNA expression of in a first series of 154 bladder tumors [71 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and 83 muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC)] from patients who underwent transurethral bladder resection or radical cystectomy between 2001 and 2006, and 20 normal bladder samples.

Criteria for indication and treatment modification in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer treated with hormone therapy.

Background: No published studies have specifically assessed whether treatment modifications to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) are frequently carried out in routine clinical practice. The current study was conducted to determine what proportion of patients who had initiated hormone therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue then had their treatment regimen modified during the first 24 months.

Methods: A prospective, noninterventional study was carried out in routine clinical practice in France.

High Prevalence of a Hotspot of Noncoding Somatic Mutations in Intron 6 of in Bladder Cancer.

Numerous pangenomic studies identified protein-coding genes and signaling pathways involved in bladder carcinogenesis. However, noncoding somatic alterations remain unexplored. A recent study revealed a mutational hotspot in intron 6 of gene in 2.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer and Its Impact on Surgical Morbidity and Oncological Outcomes: A Real-World Experience.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on perioperative morbidity and on oncological outcomes according to the type of chemotherapy regimen administered to patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who subsequently underwent radical cystectomy (RC). Data were collected retrospectively on 40 patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma who had at least two cycles of NAC, followed by RC, from 2011 to 2015 at our institution. The outcomes evaluated were NAC toxicity, perioperative complications, cancer-specific, and overall survival.

The visual prostate symptom score is a simple tool to identify and follow up in general practice patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (a study with 1359 patients).

Introduction: The IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), a structured self-administered questionnaire is the reference test for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A 5-pictogram score entitled Score Visuel Prostatique en Images (SVPI) was proposed in France and evaluated by urologists. We assessed the interest of the SVPI for the identification and monitoring of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related LUTS in general practice, and compared it with the IPSS.

mRNA Expression levels of genes involved in antitumor immunity: Identification of a 3-gene signature associated with prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Immunotherapy for bladder cancer has given promising results. Here we aimed to evaluate the possible involvement and prognostic value of 33 genes involved in the immune response during bladder carcinogenesis. Expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in normal and tumor human bladder samples.

Impact of body mass index on the oncological outcomes of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and oncological outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 237 consecutive patients treated with RNU for UTUC at our institution between 1990 and 2012. Univariable and multivariable cox regression models investigated the association of BMI with disease recurrence, cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality.

Correlation between messenger RNA expression and protein expression of immune checkpoint-associated molecules in bladder urothelial carcinoma: A retrospective study.

Objectives: Immunotherapy for bladder cancer seems to have promising results. Here, we evaluated the association between messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels and possible prognostic value of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) immune checkpoint pathways during bladder carcinogenesis.

Methods And Materials: Tumor samples were obtained from 155 patients (84 with muscle-invasive bladder cancer [MIBC], and 71 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer [NMIBC]) and normal bladder tissue from 15 patients.

Impact of body mass index on the oncological outcomes of patients treated with radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with worse outcomes in several solid malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and oncological outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 701 consecutive patients treated with RC and pelvic lymphadenectomy for UCB at our institution between 1995 and 2011.

Gleason Score Determination with Transrectal Ultrasound-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fusion Guided Prostate Biopsies--Are We Gaining in Accuracy?

Purpose: We evaluated the accuracy of prostate magnetic resonance imaging- transrectal ultrasound targeted biopsy for Gleason score determination.

Materials And Methods: We selected 125 consecutive patients treated with radical prostatectomy for a clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound targeted biopsy and/or systematic biopsy. On multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging each suspicious area was graded according to PI-RADS™ score.

Selection criteria for initiation and renewal of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy in patients with prostate cancer: a French prospective observational study.

Objectives: To define the profile of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) receiving a 3-month or 6-month formulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist in France and the reasons for choosing between formulations.

Methods: This prospective 1-year observational study included patients with PCa starting LHRH agonist therapy in everyday practice. Reasons for prescription and patient preference were recorded at inclusion, 3 or 6 months, and 12 months.

Oncological outcomes of advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a micropapillary variant after radical cystectomy and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.

Objective: To assess the oncological outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) and adjuvant chemotherapy to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with a micropapillary component (MPC), and to compare outcomes with those from pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of clinicopathological and follow-up data was performed for all patients treated by RC and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced MIBC in three tertiary reference centers between 1999 and 2012. Uni- and multivariate Cox's regression analyses evaluated the association of the presence of MPC with disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality.

TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts expression in patients referred for prostate biopsy: combining detection in urine and needle rinse material.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to combine urine and prostate biopsy rinse material (BRM) assays to increase sensitivity for fusion gene detection.

Patients And Methods: A total of 194 patients with suspicion of prostate cancer were prospectively included. Urine samples were collected before or after prostate biopsy, as well as BRM.

Efflux pump ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and dose reductions in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib.

Unlabelled: There is growing evidence that sunitinib plasma levels have an impact on treatment outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We studied the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in sunitinib pharmacokinetics, and additionally, sunitinib pharmacodynamics on dose reductions of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed germ-line DNA retrieved from mRCC patients receiving sunitinib as first-line therapy.

Prostate cancer incidence on cystoprostatectomy specimens is directly linked to age: results from a multicentre study.

Objective: To assess the incidence and age-related histopathological characteristics of incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer from specimens obtained via radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of the histopathological features of 2424 male patients who underwent a RCP for bladder cancer was done at eight centres between January 1996 and June 2012. No patient had preoperative suspicion of prostate cancer.

The use of partial nephrectomy: results from a contemporary national prospective multicenter study.

Purpose: Despite benefits in functional renal outcome and favorable oncological efficacy, previous studies show marked underuse of partial nephrectomy (PN). We investigated national utilization of partial and radical nephrectomy (RN) using a contemporary, prospective population-based cohort.

Methods: Between June and December 2010, 1,237 patients were treated by PN or RN for renal cell carcinoma in 56 French centers.

Quality of life of 1276 elderly patients with prostate cancer, starting treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: results of a French observational study.

This French observational, longitudinal, prospective study described the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of elderly men (≥75 years old) with prostate cancer after initiating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy. At baseline and 3-6 months after baseline, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QLQ-C30) and prostate-specific (QLQ-PR25) questionnaires were completed by patients. Data from 1276 patients were analyzed.

[Should we systematically screen for Lynch syndrome in patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma?].

Objective: The data describing the urologic extracolonic cancers associated with Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer [HNPCC]) are variable. The aim of our study was to establish the frequency of mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes in patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUT-TCC) and to evaluate the clinical benefits of a systematic screening.

Methods: Specimen blocks were obtained from 146 patients treated for UUT-TCC in our center.