Abdominal Aortocaval Vascular Injury following Routine Lumbar Discectomy.

Vascular complications following spinal surgery are potentially fatal; however, fortunately they are rare. This risk is often focused on the close proximity of the surgical field to retroperitoneal structures. Prompt diagnosis is essential; however, bleeding is often occult, and this may therefore delay management of this condition.

Molecular properties of WHO essential drugs and provisional biopharmaceutical classification.

The purpose of this study is to provisionally classify, based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), drugs in immediate-release dosage forms that appear on the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Drug List. The classification in this report is based on the aqueous solubility of the drugs reported in commonly available reference literature and a correlation of human intestinal membrane permeability for a set of 29 reference drugs with their calculated partition coefficients. The WHO Essential Drug List consists of a total of 325 medicines and 260 drugs, of which 123 are oral drugs in immediate-release (IR) products.