Spatial-Spectral Analysis of Hyperspectral Images Reveals Early Detection of Downy Mildew on Grapevine Leaves.

Downy mildew is a highly destructive disease of grapevine. Currently, monitoring for its symptoms is time-consuming and requires specialist staff. Therefore, an automated non-destructive method to detect the pathogen before the visible symptoms appear would be beneficial for early targeted treatments.

LAMP for in-field quantitative assessments of airborne grapevine downy mildew inoculum.

Aims: Cheap, rapid tools for measuring emissions of Plasmopara viticola sporangia directly in the field are required to protect grapevines efficiently and sustainably against downy mildew. To this end, we adapted an existing loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) protocol based on ITS2 sequences, coupled with a rotating-arm sampler and simple cell lysis, for the in-field measurement of airborne sporangia of P. viticola.

Delaying the first grapevine fungicide application reduces exposure on operators by half.

Downy mildew is a severe disease of grapevines treated by repeated fungicide applications during the growing season. The impact of these treatments on human health is currently under scrutiny. Fungicide application long before disease onset is not thought to be greatly beneficial for grape production, but the first fungicide treatment is applied at least six weeks before disease onset in more than 50% of the vineyards in the Bordeaux region, a major French vine-growing area.

Forecasting severe grape downy mildew attacks using machine learning.

Grape downy mildew (GDM) is a major disease of grapevine that has an impact on both the yields of the vines and the quality of the harvested fruits. The disease is currently controlled by repetitive fungicide treatments throughout the season, especially in the Bordeaux vineyards where the average number of fungicide treatments against GDM was equal to 10.1 in 2013.

Timing of Grape Downy Mildew Onset in Bordeaux Vineyards.

Grapevine downy mildew (GDM) is a severe disease of grapevines. Because of the lack of reliable information about the dates of GDM symptom onset, many vine growers begin fungicide treatments early in the season. We evaluate the extent to which such preventive treatments are justified.

How your ears can tell what is hidden in your heart: wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis as potential cause of sensorineural hearing loss inelderly-AmyloDEAFNESS pilot study.

Background: Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is an age-related life-threatening condition. Prognosis is mainly dependent on cardiac involvement. Other organs and tissues may be affected.

First detection of the presence of naturally occurring grapevine downy mildew in the field by a fluorescence-based method.

Early detection of fungal pathogen presence in the field would help to better time or avoid some of the fungicide treatments used to prevent crop production losses. We recently introduced a new phytoalexin-based method for a non-invasive detection of crop diseases using their fluorescence. The causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, induces the synthesis of stilbenoid phytoalexins by the host, Vitis vinifera, early upon infection.

Specific activation of operculum 3 (OP3) brain region during provoked tinnitus-related phantom auditory perceptions in humans.

The phantom sound perception mechanism by which a sound perception occurs without any external sound source is still enigmatic. According to our previous fMRI study, a small region in the parietal operculum 3 was hyperactivated as a function of tinnitus periodicity in subjects with acoustic trauma tinnitus sequelae. This region was localized in the vicinity of neural correlates of middle-ear tympano-ossicular chain movements due to pressure variations.

Vestibular schwannoma and fitness to fly.

Introduction: When a pilot is referred for vestibular schwannoma (VS), his or her fitness to fly may be questioned. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe a series of VS cases in a pilot population and to discuss their fitness to fly options.

Methods: Between September 2002 and March 2010, the ENT/Head and Neck Surgery Department of the National Pilot Expertise Center conducted nearly 120,000 expert consultations for 40,000 pilots.

Susceptibility to tinnitus revealed at 2 kHz range by bilateral lower DPOAEs in normal hearing subjects with noise exposure.

We investigated potential markers of susceptibility to tinnitus in a group of normal hearing young pilots aged 25-35 years and with 8 +/- 5 years of aircraft noise exposure. 316 pilots were interviewed about their tinnitus status and were tested for hearing thresholds (audiograms) and distortion products otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE-grams). There was no subject with permanent tinnitus.

Hearing in military pilots: one-time audiometry in pilots of fighters, transports, and helicopters.

Introduction: Pilots are exposed to potentially harmful levels of noise, the actual consequences of which are still poorly documented. We have determined the audiometric profiles of pilots as a function of age and type of aircraft (i.e.