Sonographic evaluation of hydronephrosis in the pediatric population: is well-tempered sonography necessary?

Objectives: Standardized protocols exist for diuretic renography. There are no specific guidelines regarding hydration before renal sonography. This study assessed the importance of the hydration status by sonographic measurements of the anteroposterior diameter and its effect on Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) hydronephrosis grading.

Treatment efficacy of virtual reality distraction in the reduction of pain and anxiety during cystoscopy.

Objective: Assessment of virtual reality (VR) distraction for alleviating pain and anxiety during flexible cystoscopy. Cystoscopy is a common ambulatory procedure performed in Urology and can be associated with moderate pain and anxiety. Sophisticated distraction techniques are not used with cystoscopy and VR has not been studied for this procedure.

Impact of race in using PSA velocity to predict for prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess whether race is a significant factor in the ability of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) for predicting high-grade prostate cancer (HGPC).

Methods: Records of men who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2003 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed to collect demographic data, self-reported race, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) data, and pathology results. PSAV was calculated using linear regression.

The impact of metformin use on recurrence and cancer-specific survival in clinically localized high-risk renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Recent data suggest that metformin may have anti-neoplastic properties. We sought to determine what effect metformin had on recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of patients with clinically localized pT2 and pT3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following radical or partial nephrectomy.

Methods: We obtained data on 784 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for pT2 or pT3 tumours at our centre between 1996 and 2011.

Hydrocele: an atypical presentation of metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.

Herein is a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with epididymitis. He subsequently failed medical management for the suspected infection and progressed to develop an acute scrotum and sonographic findings consistent with a pyocele. Concurrent computed tomography (CT), obtained for persistent abdominal pain, revealed a large enhancing upper pole renal mass suspicious for malignancy.

Fatal hyponatremia in a 7-year-old girl with cloacal exstrophy after cystoscopy for a bladder stone.

A case of fatal hyponatremia in a 7-year-old girl following a percutaneous cystolithotomy is presented. Stone removal by percutaneous cystolithotomy is considered a safe and effective procedure, but this may depend on the type of solution used for irrigation. In this case less than 2L of sterile water was used as irrigation in an augmented bladder causing a drop in sodium to 120 mmol/L in 30 min.