A Short Intervention and an Interactive e-Learning Module to Motivate Medical and Dental Students to Enlist as First Responders: Implementation Study.

Background: Prompt and proficient basic life support (BLS) maneuvers are essential to increasing the odds of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, significant time can elapse before the arrival of professional rescuers. To decrease these delays, many countries have developed first responder networks.

Factors Influencing Physician Decision Making to Attempt Advanced Resuscitation in Asystolic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

The objective of this study was to identify the key elements used by prehospital emergency physicians (EP) to decide whether or not to attempt advanced life support (ALS) in asystolic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). From 1 January 2009 to 1 January 2017, all adult victims of asystolic OHCA in Geneva, Switzerland, were retrospectively included. Patients with signs of "obvious death" or with a Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation order were excluded.

Differences in Basic Life Support Knowledge Between Junior Medical Students and Lay People: Web-Based Questionnaire Study.

Background: Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation and prompt defibrillation markedly increase the survival rate in the event of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). As future health care professionals, medical students should be trained to efficiently manage an unexpectedly encountered OHCA.

Objective: Our aim was to assess basic life support (BLS) knowledge in junior medical students at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine (UGFM) and to compare it with that of the general population.

Emergency physician's dispatch by a paramedic-staffed emergency medical communication centre: sensitivity, specificity and search for a reference standard.

Background: Some emergency medical systems (EMS) use a dispatch centre where nurses or paramedics assess emergency calls and dispatch ambulances. Paramedics may also provide the first tier of care "in the field", with the second tier being an Emergency Physician (EP). In these systems, the appropriateness of the decision to dispatch an EP to the first line at the same time as the ambulance has not often been measured.

Evaluation of a Prehospital Rotation by Senior Residents: A Web-Based Survey.

The added value of prehospital emergency medicine is usually assessed by measuring patient-centered outcomes. Prehospital rotations might however also help senior residents acquire specific skills and knowledge. To assess the perceived added value of the prehospital rotation in comparison with other rotations, we analyzed web-based questionnaires sent between September 2011 and August 2020 to senior residents who had just completed a prehospital rotation.

Evolution of Bystander Intention to Perform Resuscitation Since Last Training: Web-Based Survey.

Background: Victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have higher survival rates and more favorable neurological outcomes when basic life support (BLS) maneuvers are initiated quickly after collapse. Although more than half of OHCAs are witnessed, BLS is infrequently provided, thereby worsening the survival and neurological prognoses of OHCA victims. According to the theory of planned behavior, the probability of executing an action is strongly linked to the intention of performing it.

Symptom-Based Dispatching in an Emergency Medical Communication Centre: Sensitivity, Specificity, and the Area under the ROC Curve.

Measuring the performance of emergency medical dispatch tools used in paramedic-staffed emergency medical communication centres (EMCCs) is rarely performed. The objectives of our study were, therefore, to measure the performance and accuracy of Geneva's dispatch system based on symptom assessment, in particular, the performance of ambulance dispatching with lights and sirens (L&S) and to measure the effect of adding specific protocols for each symptom. We performed a prospective observational study including all emergency calls received at Geneva's EMCC (Switzerland) from 1 January 2014 to 1 July 2019.

A Short Intervention Followed by an Interactive E-Learning Module to Motivate Medical Students to Enlist as First Responders: Protocol for a Prospective Implementation Study.

Background: In Geneva, Switzerland, basic life support (BLS) maneuvers are provided in only 40% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) cases. As OHCA outcomes are markedly improved when BLS maneuvers are swiftly applied, a "first-responder" system was introduced in 2019. When emergency dispatchers identify a possible OHCA, first responders receive an alert message on a specific app (Save-a-Life) installed on their smartphones.

Effect of noninvasive ventilation on intubation risk in prehospital patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a retrospective study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of prehospital noninvasive ventilation for acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema on endotracheal intubation rate and on ICU admission rate.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on patients' prehospital files between 2007 and 2010 (control period), and between 2013 and 2016 (intervention period). Adult patients were included if a diagnosis of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema was made by the prehospital physician.

Improvement of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rate after implementation of the 2010 resuscitation guidelines.

Objective: The implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines, updated every five years, appears to improve patient survival rates after Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). The aim of this study is: 1) to measure the level of improvement in the prognosis of OHCA patient survival rates for the years 2009 and 2010 and the following two years 2011 and 2012; and 2) correlate the improvement in prognosis with the updated 2010 Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) Guidelines.

Method: We performed a retrospective observational study based on Geneva's OHCA register that includes data from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012.

Multi-organ injuries due to a lightning strike: a case report highlighting the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach.

The interdisciplinary management of patients with multiple organ injuries after lightning strike is of paramount importance. Cutaneous burns can be associated to other organ injuries requiring emergency and life-support treatment. We report the case of a lightning strike victim who presented with burns as well as cardiologic and neurologic complications.

[Normobaric oxygen therapy in acute medical care: myths versus reality].

Oxygen adiministration for both medical and traumatic emergencies is regarded as an essential component of resuscitation. However, many recent studies suggest that the use of oxygen should be more restrictive. Detrimental effects of normobaric oxygen therapy in patients suffering from hypercapnic respiratory diseases have been demonstrated, especially because of the suppression of the hypoxic drive.

Traumatic injuries after mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (LUCAS2): a forensic autopsy study.

Aim: The aim of our study was to compare traumatic injuries observed after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by means of standard (manual) or assisted (mechanical) chest compression by Lund University Cardiopulmonary Assist System, 2nd generation (LUCAS2) device.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including cases from 2011 to 2013, analysing consecutive autopsy reports in two groups of patients who underwent medicolegal autopsy after unsuccessful CPR. We focused on traumatic injuries from dermal to internal trauma, collecting data according to a standardised protocol.

[Hemorrhagic shock].

Shock is a life threatening condition. The management of an hemorrhagic shock, whether traumatic or not, requires early identification of the bleeding source and adequate hemodynamic support. The diagnosis accuracy is based on clinical, hemodynamic, radiologic and biochemical findings which also allow appraisal of the treatment efficiency.

Prehospital emergency physician activation of interventional cardiology team reduces door-to-balloon time in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Question Under Study: To explore whether early activation of an interventional cardiology team, by prehospital emergency physicians, reduces door-to-balloon time (DTBT) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) diagnosed with prehospital ECG.

Design: before-after comparison.

Setting: emergency department (ED) of an urban teaching hospital with a catheterisation laboratory open continuously.

[Somatic and psychiatric emergencies: building a mutual view].

The prevalence of behavioural disorders is high among patients admitted to urban Accident and Emergency Departments. These disorders are not necessarily related to the reason for consultation and emergency physicians (EP) should be able to detect these patients and refer them to a psychiatrist when required. On the other hand, the frequent comorbid somatic disorders among patients attending an emergency psychiatric unit should raise concern from psychiatrists and prompt the need for EP advice.

Factors influencing emergency delays in acute stroke management.

Objective: Early admission to hospital with minimum delay is a prerequisite for successful management of acute stroke. We sought to determine our local pre- and in-hospital factors influencing this delay.

Patients And Methods: Time from onset of symptoms to admission (admission time) was prospectively documented during a 6-month period (December 2004 to May 2005) in patients consecutively admitted for an acute focal neurological deficit presented at arrival and of presumed vascular origin.

[Public access defibrillation].

Placement of automated external defibrillators (AED) in public facilities and training of the lay persons in basic life support-defibrillation (BLS-D) was recommended by the American Heart Association for the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Immediate use of AED result in increase of survival to hospital discharge. Many observation and much less randomized trials describe clinical efficacy of this approach.

[Panic disorders: differential diagnosis and care in emergencies].

Despite the high prevalence of panic disorders in patients in primary-care settings, this condition is frequently under-recognised and under-treated. After the description of DSM-IV diagnosis criteria of panic disorders, this paper underline the importance of an adequate somatic and psychiatric differential diagnosis. Even if cognitive-behavioural therapy is the best studied psychotherapeutical approach, several efficacious psychodynamic psychotherapies were also described.