Lottery-Purchasing Adolescents: Gambling Perceptions, Problems, and Characteristics.

Gambling on the lottery is a prevalent behavior, and lottery products are increasingly available in online and electronic formats. As lottery-purchasing is prevalent in adolescents, this study systematically examined relationships between lottery-purchasing and problem-gambling severity and gambling perceptions and attitudes, as well as differences in the relationships between problem-gambling severity and measures of health/functioning and gambling characteristics among lottery-purchasing groups. Participants were 1517 Connecticut high-school adolescents with past-year gambling.

Adult attachment is related to maternal neural response to infant cues: an ERP study.

Maternal attachment security is an important predictor of caregiving . However, little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms by which attachment influences processing of infant cues, a critical component of caregiving. We examined whether attachment security, measured by the Adult Attachment Interview, might relate to neural responses to infant cues using event-related potentials.

The Relationship Between Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems, Impulsiveness, and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Students of Different Ages.

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), which is an underlying symptom classified as a behavioral addiction disorder, has many related social problems that have garnered the bulk of attention in recent research. However, its psychological/behavioral mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between IGD and impulsivity which is regulated by behavioral inhibition and activation among different age groups.

Dopamine D receptor availability in cocaine use disorder individuals with obesity as measured by [C]PHNO PET.

Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) work with the dopamine D3 receptor (DR) preferring ligand [C]PHNO in obese individuals has demonstrated higher binding and positive correlations with body mass index (BMI) in otherwise healthy individuals. These findings implicated brain reward areas including the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) and pallidum. In cocaine use disorder (CUD), similar SN/VTA binding profiles have been found compared to healthy control subjects.

Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: an international Delphi study.

Background And Aims: Following the recognition of 'internet gaming disorder' (IGD) as a condition requiring further study by the DSM-5, 'gaming disorder' (GD) was officially included as a diagnostic entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the proposed diagnostic criteria for gaming disorder remain the subject of debate, and there has been no systematic attempt to integrate the views of different groups of experts. To achieve a more systematic agreement on this new disorder, this study employed the Delphi expert consensus method to obtain expert agreement on the diagnostic validity, clinical utility and prognostic value of the DSM-5 criteria and ICD-11 clinical guidelines for GD.

Child Sexual Abuse and Compulsive Sexual Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review.

Purpose Of Review: Information on potential risk factors and clinical correlates of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) may help inform more effective prevention and treatment measures. Sexual victimization, specifically, child sexual abuse (CSA), has been associated with CSB.

Recent Findings: This systematic review describes 21 studies on the relationship between CSA and CSB.

Psychological responses during the COVID-19 outbreak among university students in Bangladesh.

Mental health problems in students are considered a public health challenge. We assessed the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) with the DASS-21, as well as associated factors, among university students in Bangladesh early in the COVID-19 outbreak. We hypothesized high levels of DAS and their associations with previously reported factors (e.

Examining Self-Weighing Behaviors and Associated Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Binge-Eating Disorder and Obesity with and without Food Addiction.

Food addiction (FA) has been linked to clinical features in binge-eating disorder (BED) and obesity. A feature of behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment involves frequent weighing. However, little is known regarding how frequency of self-weighing and related perceptions are associated with BWL outcomes among individuals with BED and obesity stratified by FA status.

Expanding on the multidisciplinary stakeholder framework to minimize harms for problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies. •

As new types of problematic behaviors and new forms of online risk-taking emerge, forming collaborative relationships while understanding complexities of motivations may help to promote harm reduction and intervention. While it may be too early to form a stakeholder framework without first conceptually understanding the problematic behaviors involved, we attempt to build upon a proposed multidisciplinary stakeholder framework to minimize harms for problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies. We propose an expansion of roles for individual stakeholders and an expansion of proposed roles for family stakeholders to include partner/spouses, others living in the household, and/or those with close relationships with individuals who are experiencing problems.

The negative consequences of hypersexuality: Revisiting the factor structure of the Hypersexual Behavior Consequences Scale and its correlates in a large, non-clinical sample.

Introduction: Despite the growing literature about hypersexuality and its negative consequences, most studies have focused on the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI's), resulting in relatively few studies about the nature and the measurement of a broader spectrum of adverse consequences.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Hypersexual Behavior Consequence Scale (HBCS) in a large, non-clinical population (N = 16,935 participants; females = 5854, 34.6%;  = 33.

Brain anatomical covariation patterns linked to binge drinking and age at first full drink.

Binge drinking and age at first full drink (AFD) of alcohol prior to 21 years (AFD < 21) have been linked to neuroanatomical differences in cortical and subcortical grey matter (GM) volume, cortical thickness, and surface area. Despite the importance of understanding network-level relationships, structural covariation patterns among these morphological measures have yet to be examined in relation to binge drinking and AFD < 21. Here, we used the Joint and Individual Variance Explained (JIVE) method to characterize structural covariation patterns common across and specific to morphological measures in 293 participants (149 individuals with past-12-month binge drinking and 144 healthy controls) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP).

Problematic shopping and self-injurious behaviors in adolescents.

Background And Aims: Self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) and problematic shopping (PS) are both prevalent in adolescents. These behaviors have been proposed as behavioral addictions and linked to impulsivity (Imp) and sensation-seeking (SS). They are also associated with negative mental health and psychosocial measures.

Factors associated with severity, incidence or persistence of internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a 2-year longitudinal study.

Aim: This study examined factors associated with severity, incidence and/or persistence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) in children and adolescents.

Design, Setting, Participants: Prospective cohort study with 2-year follow-up study in South Korea. A total of 2319 3rd-, 4th- and 7th-graders enrolled into the internet user cohort for unbiased recognition of gaming disorder in early adolescence [intramural Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences (iCURE)] and analyzed for the current study.

The Neurobiology of Binge-eating Disorder Compared with Obesity: Implications for Differential Therapeutics.

Purpose: Emerging work indicates divergence in the neurobiologies of binge-eating disorder (BED) and obesity despite their frequent co-occurrence. This review highlights specific distinguishing aspects of BED, including elevated impulsivity and compulsivity possibly involving the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, and discusses implications for differential therapeutics for BED.

Methods: This narrative review describes epidemiologic, clinical, genetic, and preclinical differences between BED and obesity.

PTSD / substance use disorder comorbidity: Treatment options and public health needs.

Purpose Of Review: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly co-occurs with substance use disorder (SUD) and is challenging to treat. We review all behavioral therapy models with at least one randomized controlled trial in a current PTSD/SUD population. We identify factors in selecting a model for clinical use, emphasizing a public health framework that balances the need for evidence with the need for feasibility in frontline settings.

Reduced frontostriatal functional connectivity and associations with severity of Internet gaming disorder.

Cognitive, functional, and structural brain factors involving frontal executive and striatal reward networks have been implicated in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, frontostriatal network connectivity and its association with addiction severity are poorly understood in IGD. Resting-state fMRI data from 337 subjects (130 with IGD, 207 with recreational game use [RGU]) were collected.

Neural classification of internet gaming disorder and prediction of treatment response using a cue-reactivity fMRI task in young men.

Background: Neural mechanisms underlying internet gaming disorder (IGD) are important for diagnostic considerations and treatment development. However, neurobiological underpinnings of IGD remain relatively poorly understood.

Methods: We employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), a machine-learning approach, to examine the potential of neural features to statistically predict IGD status and treatment outcome (percentage change in weekly gaming time) for IGD.

Alexithymia and pain experience among patients using methadone-maintenance therapy.

Background: Alexithymia, difficulty identifying and describing one's emotions coupled with a tendency to externalize, is a potentially important yet understudied treatment target for patients with opioid use disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the role of alexithymia in pain experience among individuals with opioid use disorder.

Methods: One-hundred-and-sixty-four patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment completed a battery of self-report measures related to alexithymia, drug use, and pain experiences.

Prior reproductive experience modulates neural responses to infant faces across the postpartum period.

Infant-cue processing facilitates sensitive maternal care, which is necessary in the formation of healthy mother-infant attachment. Mothers may be particularly focused on cue processing early postpartum, contributing to intense preoccupation with their infant's well-being. Prior reproductive experience, or parity, may also impact the intensity of infant-cue processing and has been found to influence P300 neural responses to infant faces during pregnancy and at 2 months postpartum.

GABAergic polygenic risk for cocaine use disorder is negatively correlated with precuneus activity during cognitive control in African American individuals.

Impaired cognitive control has been implicated in cocaine use disorder (CUD). GABAergic treatments have been proposed for CUD. Here we examined relationships between GABAergic genes and neural correlates of cognitive control in CUD.

Mobile and non-mobile Internet Use Disorder: Specific risks and possible shared Pavlovian conditioning processes. •

This commentary addresses a recent article by Montag et al. (2019) about the relevance of distinguishing between mobile and non-mobile Internet Use Disorder (IUD). In response to the review, we reflect on the clinical relevance of this distinction and, in parallel, we propose some Pavlovian conditioning processes as possible mechanisms underlying different IUDs.

COVID-19-related treatment service disruptions among people with single- and polysubstance use concerns.

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), including those in long-term recovery, and their loved ones are facing rapid changes to treatment and support services due to COVID-19. To assess these changes, the Addiction Policy Forum fielded a survey to their associated patient and family networks between April 27 and May 13, 2020. Individuals who reported a history of use of multiple substances were more likely to report that COVID-19 has affected their treatment and service access, and were specifically more likely to report both use of telehealth services and difficulties accessing needed services.

Efficacy of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on addiction-related inhibitory control and craving: a randomized trial in males with Internet gaming disorder.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) may reduce substance use and other addictive behaviours. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underpin such effects remain unclear. Impaired inhibitory control linked to hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex may allow craving-related motivations to lead to compulsive addictive behaviours.