An app-based ecological momentary assessment of undergraduate student mental Health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada (Smart Healthy Campus Version 2.0): Longitudinal study.

This paper presents results from the Smart Healthy Campus 2.0 study/smartphone app, developed and used to collect mental health-related lifestyle data from 86 Canadian undergraduates January-August 2021. Objectives of the study were to 1) address the absence of longitudinal mental health overview and lifestyle-related data from Canadian undergraduate students, and 2) to identify associations between these self-reported mental health overviews (questionnaires) and lifestyle-related measures (from smartphone digital measures).

Iliac Vein Stenting and Thrombectomy Result in Limb Salvage in Phlegmasia Caerulea Dolens as a Result of Heavy Fibroid Burden.

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a devastating sequelae of propagating deep vein thrombosis causing total venous outflow obstruction of an extremity. It is characterized by significant pain, edema, cyanosis, and critical limb ischemia and may progress toward venous gangrene. Morbidity and mortality rates associated with this phenomenon are high.

Examining a Remote Group-Based Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Education Program in the COVID-19 Era Using the ORBIT Model: Small 6-Week Feasibility Study.

Background: To date, most group-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been delivered in person. The rapid transition to remote care at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic presented opportunities to test, evaluate, and iterate a new remote DSME program.

Objective: We aim to refine the delivery and evaluation of a multicomponent remote DSME program for adults living with T2D by examining several feasibility outcomes.

Reduction of Financial Health Incentives and Changes in Physical Activity.

Importance: Governments and others continue to use financial incentives to influence citizen health behaviors like physical activity. However, when delivered on a population scale they can be prohibitively costly, suggesting more sustainable models are needed.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of incomplete financial incentive withdrawal ("schedule thinning") with physical activity after more than a year of incentive intervention and to explore whether participant characteristics (eg, app engagement and physical activity) are associated with withdrawal outcomes.

When it comes to sedentary behaviour modification, should people be told what to do? A randomized comparison trial among home-based office workers living in Ontario, Canada.

The effects of adding choice architecture to a theory-based (Health Action Process Approach; HAPA) sedentary intervention remain unknown. To investigate whether choice architecture enhances a theory-based sedentary behaviour reduction intervention in home-based office workers. A 4-week HAPA-based intervention was conducted in London, Canada.

Saddle Pulmonary Embolus and Simultaneous Common Carotid and Subclavian Artery Emboli.

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in 27-35% of the population. Right to left cardiac shunts predispose patients to arterial emboli in the presence of venous thromboembolisms. Paradoxical embolus should be suspected in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and arterial emboli.

Contained Giant Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Secondary to Type I and III Endoleaks Requiring Open Repair With Endograft Explantation.

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Common complications include endoleaks, which are continued blood flow into the aneurysm sac external to the graft. Type I endoleaks occur proximally or distally, resulting from inadequate seals between the graft and artery.

Performance of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging validated by targeted and systematic transperineal biopsies.

Objective: To measure the performance of multiparametric (mp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify intraprostatic tumour deposits using a systematic and targeted MR-guided transperineal prostate biopsy technique.

Materials And Methods: Patients underwent a combined systematic and targeted MR-guided transperineal biopsy procedure in the dorsal lithotomy position under general anaesthesia. Systematic biopsies were spaced 10 mm or less apart and additional biopsies targeted any Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3, 4 or 5 lesions identified on mpMRI.

Long-term usage of a commercial mHealth app: A "multiple-lives" perspective.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that individuals use mHealth apps in multiple disjointed ways in the real-world-individuals, for example, may engage, take breaks, and re-engage with these apps. To our knowledge, very few studies have adopted this 'multiple-live' perspective to analyze long-term usage of a physical activity (PA) app. This study aimed to examine the duration of use, as well as the frequency, length, and timing of streaks (uninterrupted periods of use) and breaks (uninterrupted periods of non-use) within a popular commercial PA app called Carrot Rewards over 12 months.

Is it worth it? Cost-effectiveness analysis of a commercial physical activity app.

Background: Government interest in investing in commercial physical activity apps has increased with little evidence of their cost-effectiveness. This is the first study to our knowledge to examine the cost-effectiveness of a commercial physical activity app (Carrot Rewards) despite there being over 100,000 in the major app stores.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the app compared to a no-intervention reference scenario using a five-year time horizon.

Does Walking Reduce Postpartum Depressive Symptoms? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Rising demands for traditional postpartum depression (PPD) treatment options (, psychiatry), especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, are increasingly difficult to meet. More accessible treatment options (, walking) are needed. Our objective is to determine the impact of walking on PPD severity.

An App-Based Surveillance System for Undergraduate Students' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency that poses challenges to the mental health of approximately 1.4 million university students in Canada. Preliminary evidence has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on undergraduate student mental health and well-being; however, existing data are predominantly limited to cross-sectional survey-based studies.

Validity of the occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire (OSPAQ) for home-based office workers during the COVID-19 global pandemic: A secondary analysis.

High levels of occupational sitting is an emerging health concern. As working from home has become a common practice as a result of COVID-19, it is imperative to validate an appropriate self-report measure to assess sitting in this setting. This secondary analysis study aimed to validate the occupational sitting and physical activity questionnaire (OSPAQ) against an activPAL4™ in full-time home-based 'office' workers (n = 148; mean age = 44.

Adding team-based financial incentives to the Carrot Rewards physical activity app increases daily step count on a population scale: a 24-week matched case control study.

Background: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) targeting physical inactivity have increased in popularity yet are usually limited by low engagement. This study examined the impact of adding team-based incentives (Step Together Challenges, STCs) to an existing mHealth app (Carrot Rewards) that rewarded individual physical activity achievements.

Methods: A 24-week quasi-experimental study (retrospective matched pairs design) was conducted in three Canadian provinces (pre-intervention: weeks 1-12; intervention: weeks 13-24).

Examining Responsiveness to an Incentive-Based Mobile Health App: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: The Carrot Rewards app was developed as part of a public-private partnership to reward Canadians with loyalty points for downloading the app, referring friends, completing educational health quizzes, and health-related behaviors with long-term objectives of increasing health knowledge and encouraging healthy behaviors. During the first 3 months after program rollout in British Columbia, a number of program design elements were adjusted, creating observed differences between groups of users with respect to the potential impact of program features on user engagement levels.

Objective: This study examines the impact of reducing reward size over time and explored the influence of other program features such as quiz timing, health intervention content, and type of reward program on user engagement with a mobile health (mHealth) app.

Commercial app use linked with sustained physical activity in two Canadian provinces: a 12-month quasi-experimental study.

Background: Top tier commercial physical activity apps rarely undergo peer-reviewed evaluation. Even fewer are assessed beyond six months, the theoretical threshold for behaviour maintenance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a multi-component commercial app rewarding users with digital incentives for walking was associated with an increase in physical activity over one year.

Errors in estimated gestational ages reduce the likelihood of health facility deliveries: results from an observational cohort study in Zanzibar.

Background: Most maternal health programs in low- and middle- income countries estimate gestational age to provide appropriate antenatal care at the correct times throughout the pregnancy. Although various gestational dating methods have been validated in research studies, the performance of these methods has not been evaluated on a larger scale, such as within health systems. The objective of this research was to investigate the magnitude and impact of errors in estimated delivery dates on health facility delivery among women enrolled in a maternal health program in Zanzibar.

The role of the Vascular Surgery Board in surgical education.

The American Board of Surgery (ABS) has more than 80 years of both direct and indirect involvement in US surgical education, with its primary role being certification of graduates of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved surgical training programs. The ABS's impact on education has been at multiple levels, including the development of the content and administration of qualifying and certifying examinations; original education research based on the Board's unique data sets; and surgical training and education-related initiatives in partnership with multiple regulatory bodies and surgical societies. Within these efforts, by incremental steps, the specialty of vascular surgery attained recognition as a primary specialty of the ABS, and the Vascular Surgery Board of the ABS was established 20 years ago, in 1998.

Financial incentives for physical activity in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The use of financial incentives to promote physical activity (PA) has grown in popularity due in part to technological advances that make it easier to track and reward PA. The purpose of this study was to update the evidence on the effects of incentives on PA in adults.

Data Sources: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CCTR, CINAHL and COCH.

Digital Technology and the Future of Health Systems.

Digital health is having a profound effect on health systems, changing the balance of power between provider and patient, enabling new models of care, and shifting the focus of health systems toward client-centered health care within low- and middle-income countries. Though many of these changes are just being felt due to resistance by organizations and individuals reluctant to change the status quo, the explosive growth of digital technology globally means that these changes are inevitable. We can expect to see increasing use of telemedicine for remote diagnostics and treatment, protocol-driven health care to improve quality of care, and better access to goods and services through changes in the organization of transportation and delivery services.

Evaluating the Carrot Rewards App, a Population-Level Incentive-Based Intervention Promoting Step Counts Across Two Canadian Provinces: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: The Carrot Rewards app was developed as part of an innovative public-private partnership to reward Canadians with loyalty points, exchangeable for retail goods, travel rewards, and groceries for engaging in healthy behaviors such as walking.

Objective: This study examined whether a multicomponent intervention including goal setting, graded tasks, biofeedback, and very small incentives tied to daily step goal achievement (assessed by built-in smartphone accelerometers) could increase physical activity in two Canadian provinces, British Columbia (BC) and Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).

Methods: This 12-week, quasi-experimental (single group pre-post) study included 78,882 participants; 44.