Ras-Related Protein Rab-32 and Thrombospondin 1 Confer Resistance to the EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Osimertinib by Activating Focal Adhesion Kinase in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib is the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Osimertinib is also used in T790M-positive NSCLC that may occur de novo or be acquired following first-line treatment with other EGFR TKIs (i.e.

Elevated expression of miR-494-3p is associated with resistance to osimertinib in EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating mutations in the gene encoding epidermal growth factor receptor () is amenable for targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Eventually, resistance to TKI-therapy occurs resulting in disease progression. A substantial fraction of resistance mechanisms is unknown and may involve alterations in the RNA or protein landscape.

T-helper cell regulation of CD45 phosphatase activity by galectin-1 and CD43 governs chronic lymphocytic leukaemia proliferation.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by malignant mature-like B cells. Supportive to CLL cell survival is chronic B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling; however, emerging evidence demonstrates CLL cells proliferate in response to T-helper (Th) cells in a CD40L-dependent manner. We showed provision of Th stimulation via CD40L upregulated CD45 phosphatase activity and BCR signalling in non-malignant B cells.

NSCLC depend upon YAP expression and nuclear localization after acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a downstream target of the Hippo pathway and has been found to be oncogenic driving many cancers into developing metastatic phenotypes leading to poor survival outcomes. This study investigated if YAP expression is associated with drug resistance in two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines (HCC827 and H1975) generated to become resistant to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI) erlotinib, gefitinib or the T790M-specific osimertinib. We found that acquired EGFR TKI resistance was associated with YAP over-expression (osimertinib-resistant cells) or YAP amplification (erlotinib- and gefitinib-resistant cells) along with EMT phenotypic changes.

PIK3CA mutations as prognostic factor in squamous cell lung carcinoma.

Objectives: Mutation in the PIK3CA gene is reported frequent in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, but its potential prognostic role is still obscure. We have studied the prognostic importance of PIK3CA mutations as well as the relation to other markers in a large number of early stage lung cancers of squamous carcinoma subtype.

Patients And Methods: Tumour tissue was obtained from 308 consecutively operated lung cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the period 2003-2013.