Concomitant urea stabilization and phosphorus recovery from source-separated fresh urine in magnesium anode-based peroxide-producing electrochemical cells.

In this study, we investigated the recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from fresh source-separated urine with a novel electrochemical cell equipped with a magnesium (Mg) anode and carbon-based gas-diffusion cathode. Recovery of P, which exists primarily as phosphate (PO) in urine, was achieved through pH-driven precipitation. Maximizing N recovery requires simultaneous approaches to address urea and ammonia (NH).

Synthesis of Petitjeanite BiO(OH)(PO) Photocatalytic Microparticles: Effect of Synthetic Conditions on the Crystal Structure and Activity toward Degradation of Aqueous Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA).

The discovery of synthetic BiO(OH)(PO) [BOHP] and its application toward photocatalytic oxidation of the water contaminant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have prompted further interest in development. Despite its high activity toward PFOA degradation, the scarce appearance in the literature and lack of research have left a knowledge gap in the understanding of BOHP synthesis, formation, and photocatalytic activity. Herein, we explore the crystallization of BOHP microparticles via hydrothermal syntheses, focusing on the influence of ions and organics present in the reaction solution when using different hydroxide amendments (NaOH, NHOH, NMeOH, and NEtOH).

Characterization of insufficient responders to ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the US Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

Objective: Biologic therapies have revolutionized the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis; however, there are a limited number of US real-world studies characterizing patients based on response to these treatments. This study examined characteristics at enrollment and change in outcomes of US patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who achieved insufficient responses with ustekinumab.

Methods: This study included patients enrolled in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry from April 2015 to June 2018 who initiated ustekinumab at enrollment and who were stratified based on achievement of psoriasis body surface area improving to <3% or by 75% from enrollment to the 6-month follow-up visit (response vs insufficient response).

Characterization of Patients with Psoriasis in Challenging-to-Treat Body Areas in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

Background: Real-world studies evaluating patients with challenging-to-treat localizations of psoriasis (scalp, nail, and palmoplantar) are limited.

Objective: To characterize patients with versus without psoriasis in challenging-to-treat areas seen in routine US clinical practice.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included all adult patients with psoriasis enrolled in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry between April 2015 and May 2018 who initiated a biologic therapy at registry enrollment.

Characterization of insufficient responders to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: real-world data from the US Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

Objective: Biologic therapies have dramatically changed the management of moderate to severe psoriasis; however, few US real-world studies characterize the unmet needs of patients who do not respond to biologic therapies. This study examined the characteristics at enrollment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who had insufficient responses to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies (anti-TNFs).

Methods: Patients enrolled in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry from April 2015 to June 2018 who initiated an anti-TNF at enrollment were stratified on the basis of body surface area (BSA) improvement to <3% or a 75% improvement from enrollment to the 6-month follow-up visit (response versus insufficient response).

Combination Use of Systemic Therapies in Psoriasis: Baseline Characteristics from the Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

IMPORTANCE: There are increasing options for systemic combination therapy for psoriasis but a lack of literature around the characteristics of patients who are started on these regimens. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine how combination systemic therapy patients differ from monotherapy patients in their social, medical, or treatment history. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study of patients enrolled in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

Impact of psoriasis severity on patient-reported clinical symptoms, health-related quality of life and work productivity among US patients: real-world data from the Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

Objectives: This analysis examined the association between psoriasis severity, assessed by body surface area (BSA) and the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA; previously used only in clinical trials), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in a real-world setting.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis within the Corrona Psoriasis Registry, an independent, prospective registry.

Setting: 70 dermatology practices in the USA.

Characterization of disease burden, comorbidities, and treatment use in a large, US-based cohort: Results from the Corrona Psoriasis Registry.

Background: Psoriasis is an immunodysregulatory inflammatory disease associated with comorbidities affecting quality of life. With the advent of new treatments, there is growing need to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of treatments in a real-world setting.

Objective: The objective of the Corrona Psoriasis Registry is to study the comparative safety and efficacy of Food and Drug Administration-approved biologic treatments.

Changes in Treatment Patterns in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Initiating Biologic and Nonbiologic Therapy in a Clinical Registry.

Objective: Treatment options for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have increased and improved in the past decade; treatment patterns in PsA remain poorly understood. Understanding current practices would aid in treatment management of patients with PsA.

Methods: This observational study was based on data from the Corrona registry of adult patients with PsA in North America collected between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012.

Delays in Initiation of Disease-Modifying Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Data from a US-Based Registry.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to evaluate how frequently rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy is instituted promptly and to describe the characteristics of patients who are not treated early upon diagnosis.

Methods: The percentage of patients who at the time of enrollment in the Corrona registry were not receiving any RA-directed therapy was evaluated and their characteristics were summarized. The time to subsequent initiation of any RA-directed therapy was also estimated.

Increased healthcare resource utilization in higher disease activity levels in initiators of TNF inhibitors among US rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Objective: Determine healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in biologic-naïve initiators of TNF inhibitors (TNFis) associated with their disease activity from a national cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods: RA patients were identified at their first TNFi initiation (index date) in the Corrona registry. Patients with age of RA onset <18, comorbid psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, fibromyalgia, or osteoarthritis were excluded.

Depression and Cognitive Impairment Are Associated with Low Education and Literacy Status and Smoking but Not Caffeine Consumption in Urban African Americans and White Adults.

Recent research has linked caffeine consumption with a lower risk for depression and cognitive decline. However, no studies have examined the relationship in an African American compared to a white, socioeconomically diverse representative urban sample. Data from a cross-sectional study were used to determine the associations of caffeine use with depressive symptomatology and cognition in a sample of 1,724 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study.

Dietary antioxidant intake and its association with cognitive function in an ethnically diverse sample of US adults.

Background: Dietary antioxidants can inhibit reactions accompanying neurodegeneration and thus prevent cognitive impairment. We describe associations of dietary antioxidants with cognitive function in a large biracial population, while testing moderation by sex, race, and age and mediation by depressive symptoms.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 1274 adults (541 men and 733 women) aged 30 to 64 years at baseline (mean [standard deviation] = 47.

The impact of conventional dietary intake data coding methods on foods typically consumed by low-income African-American and White urban populations.

Objective: Analysing dietary data to capture how individuals typically consume foods is dependent on the coding variables used. Individual foods consumed simultaneously, like coffee with milk, are given codes to identify these combinations. Our literature review revealed a lack of discussion about using combination codes in analysis.

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption.

Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We conducted a genome-wide (GW) meta-analysis of predominately regular-type coffee consumption (cups per day) among up to 91,462 coffee consumers of European ancestry with top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) followed-up in ~30 062 and 7964 coffee consumers of European and African-American ancestry, respectively. Studies from both stages were combined in a trans-ethnic meta-analysis.

Dietary patterns and sarcopenia in an urban African American and White population in the United States.

The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to characterize dietary patterns of African Americans and Whites, 30 to 64 years, examined in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Other objectives of the study were to evaluate micronutrient adequacy of each pattern and to determine the association of diet with sarcopenia. Cluster analysis was used to determine patterns and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) to determine adequacy of 15 micronutrients.

Diet quality is inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels in urban, low-income African-American and white adults.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker, is influenced by many factors, including socioeconomic position, genetics, and diet. The inverse association between diet and CRP is biologically feasible because micronutrients with antioxidative properties may enable the body to manage the balance between production and accumulation of reactive species that cause oxidative stress.

Objective: To determine the quality of the diet consumed by urban, low-income African-American and white adults aged 30 to 64 years, and association of diet quality with CRP.

Serum ferritin levels associated with increased risk for developing CHD in a low-income urban population.

Objective: The present study examined the association of serum ferritin with CHD risk using the Framingham Heart Study's 10-year risk algorithm.

Design: Ordinal logistic regression modelling was used to interpret risk. Proportional odds modelling assessed four divisions of ranked CHD risk (4, high; 3, increased; 2, slight; 1, minimal), separately by sex.

Recruitment and retention strategies for minority or poor clinical research participants: lessons from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study.

Purpose Of The Study: Investigating health disparities requires studies designed to recruit and retain racially and socioeconomically diverse cohorts. It is critical to address the barriers that disproportionately affect participation in clinical research by minorities and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. This study sought to identify and rectify these barriers to recruit and retain a biracial (African American and non-Hispanic White) and socioeconomically diverse cohort for a longitudinal study.

Beverage Consumption Patterns of a Low-Income Population.

High-energy-dense foods provide an inexpensive source of calories. Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study participants (n = 1987), low- to low-middle-income, urban African American and white adults, consumed between 17% and 20% of their daily energy intake from beverages. Of all beverages consumed, calorically sweetened beverages ranked second among African Americans and third among whites.

Receiver-operating characteristics of adiposity for metabolic syndrome: the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study.

Objective: To assess the predictive values of various adiposity indices for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults using baseline data from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) cohort.

Design: In a cross-sectional study, BMI, waist circumference (WC), body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and metabolic risk factors such as TAG, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, uric acid and C-reactive protein were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses were conducted.

The sex-specific role of plasma folate in mediating the association of dietary quality with depressive symptoms.

Folate deficiency has been implicated in the etiology of unipolar depression. In this study, we attempted to cross-link plasma folate, depressive symptoms, and dietary quality (or dietary intake of folate) together in a comprehensive framework, while examining effect modification of those associations by sex. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 1681 participants aged 30-64 y (Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Lifespan Study).

Role of depressive symptoms in explaining socioeconomic status disparities in dietary quality and central adiposity among US adults: a structural equation modeling approach.

Background: The link between socioeconomic status (SES), depression, dietary quality, and central adiposity remains unclear.

Objective: Pathways linking SES to dietary quality and central adiposity through depressive symptoms were examined across sex-ethnicity groups.

Design: Extensive data on US adults aged 30-64 y from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used in multiple linear logistic regression models and structural equation models to test pathway associations.