Case report: Resolution of lameness via compartmental resection of a malignant nerve sheath neoplasm of the median nerve in a dog.

A 7-year-old golden retriever was evaluated for a 6-month history of progressive right thoracic limb lameness. A lameness (grade 3 out of 5 on visual gait analysis) and pain with palpation of the medial aspect of the brachium proximal to the elbow were identified on exam. Magnetic resonance imaging of the right thoracic limb revealed a well-delineated, ovoid mass arising from the median nerve just proximal to the elbow.

Comparison of Survival After Treatment of Presumed Intracranial Meningioma by Radiotherapy or Surgery in 285 Dogs.

Background: The comparative effectiveness of radiotherapy and surgery for treating intracranial meningioma is unknown.

Objectives: To compare survival after treatment of suspected intracranial meningioma by either surgery or radiotherapy.

Animals: Two hundred eighty-five companion dogs with suspected intracranial meningiomas presenting to 11 specialty clinics in three countries.

Covariation of Skull and Brain Morphology in Domestic Dogs.

Despite their distinct embryonic origins, the skull and brain are highly integrated. Understanding the covariation between the skull and brain can shed light on anatomical, cognitive, and behavioral traits in extant and extinct species. Domestic dogs offer a unique opportunity to investigate skull-brain covariation due to their diverse skull morphologies and neural anatomy.

Hearing Assessment of Free-Ranging Owls and Implications for Wildlife Rehabilitation: 31 Cases (2014-2023).

Owls, members of the avian order Strigiformes, are nocturnal birds of prey that are found worldwide except for Antarctica. Traumatized, free-ranging owls are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals and wildlife rehabilitation facilities with the goal of providing medical care and rehabilitation to enable release back into their natural habitat. Minimal guidelines exist for the release of wildlife, and whereas a need for functional vision is described in raptors, assessing and evaluating hearing is usually not mentioned.

Case report: Nonsimultaneous bilateral triceps tendon rupture and surgical repair in a healthy dog.

A 7-year-old female spayed Australian shepherd dog was presented for an acute onset of inability to stand. On physical examination, the dog was unable to support weight on the thoracic limbs. On neurological examination, the thoracic limbs had absent hopping and paw placement and reduced withdrawal reflexes bilaterally.

Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of atlanto-axial subluxation in 42 dogs: Analysis of joint cavity size, subluxation distance, and craniocervical junction anomalies.

Background: Atlanto-axial (AA) subluxation can be a complex syndrome in dogs. Accurate identification and assessment of this condition are key to providing treatment and resolution.

Aim: The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of AA subluxation and associated neurologic deficits.

Neuroanatomical asymmetry in the canine brain.

The brains of humans and non-human primates exhibit left/right asymmetries in grey matter morphology, white matter connections, and functional responses. These asymmetries have been implicated in specialized behavioral adaptations such as language, tool use, and handedness. Left/right asymmetries are also observed in behavioral tendencies across the animal kingdom, suggesting a deep evolutionary origin for the neural mechanisms underlying lateralized behavior.

Encephalic meningioangiomatosis in a cat.

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare proliferative meningovascular entity that has been described mainly in humans and dogs. Here we describe MA in a 13-y-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat that died 5 d after acute change in behavior, open-mouth breathing, seizures, hyperthermia, and inability to walk. On MRI, the lesion appeared predominantly as extraparenchymal hemorrhage.

OLIG2 immunolabeling in feline ependymoma.

Ependymoma, one of the most common gliomas in cats, occurs most often in the lateral and third ventricles and has variable histologic patterns that often form rosettes and pseudorosettes. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) is expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. Although widely used as a diagnostic marker for most gliomas, OLIG2 is reported to have minimal immunolabeling in ependymomas.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Indications, complications, and mortality rate following craniotomy or craniectomy in dogs and cats: 165 cases (1995-2016).

Objective: To determine the most common indications for cranial surgery and identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of complications and death in the perioperative period following cranial surgery.

Animals: 150 dogs and 15 cats.

Procedures: For this multi-institutional retrospective case series, medical records of dogs and cats that underwent cranial surgery at any of the 4 participating institutions between 1995 and 2016 were reviewed.

Agreement and differentiation of intradural spinal cord lesions in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for diagnosing spinal cord neoplasia, but the accuracy of designating the relationship of a neoplasm to the meninges and agreement among observers is unknown.

Objectives: To determine agreement among observers and accuracy of diagnosis compared with histology when diagnosing lesion location based on relationship to the meninges.

Animals: Magnetic resonance images from 53 dogs with intradural extramedullary and intramedullary spinal neoplasms and 17 dogs with degenerative myelopathy.

Diagnosis and treatment of epidural empyema in a pygmy goat.

A mixed-breed pygmy goat was presented for nonambulatory tetraparesis. Neurological examination was consistent with a C6 to T2 myelopathy. Initially, the goat was treated medically.

Utility of MRI for Evaluation of a Common Calcaneal Tendon Rupture in a Dog: Case Report.

An 8-year-old intact male German shorthaired pointer was presented for a left pelvic limb lameness. Examination revealed a plantigrade stance with flexed digits in the left pelvic limb, and swelling of the left common calcanean tendon distally. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a partial rupture of the left common calcanean tendon, involving rupture to the tendons of the biceps femoris, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles.

Poliomyelomalacia in three dogs that underwent hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disk herniation.

Case Description: 3 dogs were examined because of a sudden onset of signs of pain (1 dog) or paraparesis (2 dogs).

Clinical Findings: Neurologic findings consisted of myelopathy affecting the lumbar intumescence (1 dog) and T3-L3 myelopathy (2 dogs). In all dogs, MRI revealed spinal cord compression caused by L3-4 disk herniation.

Anatomic description and clinical relevance of the meningovertebral ligament in dogs.

Objective: To determine whether dogs have a meningovertebral ligament (MVL) and to assess the effect that structure may have on pathological lesions within the ventral epidural space.

Sample: Cadaveric specimens from 6 neurologically normal dogs and 2 dogs with vertebral neoplasms that extended into the epidural space and MRI sequences and cytologic preparations from 2 dogs with compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion that underwent decompressive surgery.

Procedures: The vertebral column was removed for gross and histologic examination from the cadavers of neurologically normal dogs and dogs with vertebral neoplasms.

Significant Neuroanatomical Variation Among Domestic Dog Breeds.

Humans have bred different lineages of domestic dogs for different tasks such as hunting, herding, guarding, or companionship. These behavioral differences must be the result of underlying neural differences, but surprisingly, this topic has gone largely unexplored. The current study examined whether and how selective breeding by humans has altered the gross organization of the brain in dogs.