The (HEAL): Psychometric Properties of a German Version (HEAL-D) in Comparison With the Original HEAL.

Over the last years, the interest in understanding health improvements that occur due to non-specific treatment effects, rather than in response to the specific active treatment ingredients, increased. Nevertheless, investigations on patients' idiosyncratic perspectives on the non-specific aspects of the healing encounter or of the treatment itself that contribute to placebo effects are still rare. The (HEAL) offer a unique and parsimonious set of instruments to measure patients' views on a variety of non-specific aspects of the caring encounter.