Isolated hypoxic hepatic perfusion with orthograde or retrograde flow in patients with irresectable liver metastases using percutaneous balloon catheter techniques: a phase I and II study.

Background: Isolated hepatic perfusion for irresectable metastases confined to the liver has reported response rates of 50% to 75%. Magnitude, costs, and nonrepeatability of the procedure are its major drawbacks. We developed a less invasive, less costly, and potentially repeatable balloon catheter-mediated isolated hypoxic hepatic perfusion (IHHP) technique.