Sex differences in tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, and cessation among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: Longitudinal findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Significance: A growing number of adults use more than one tobacco product, with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes being the most common combination. Monitoring sex disparities in tobacco use is a public health priority. However, little is known regarding whether dual users differ by sex.

Sex differences in tobacco use, attempts to quit smoking, and cessation among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: Longitudinal findings from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Significance: A growing number of adults use more than one tobacco product, with dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes being the most common combination. Monitoring sex disparities in tobacco use is a public health priority. However, little is known regarding whether dual users differ by sex.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): Frequency of use and smoking-cessation efforts among U.S. women of reproductive age.

Objective: Reducing harm from combustible cigarette use among women of reproductive age (WRA) is critical given their potential vulnerability to multigenerational adverse impacts of cigarette smoking. Although electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are not approved smoking cessation aids in the US, many WRA who smoke report using ENDS to help quit smoking. Associations between ENDS use patterns and smoking-cessation efforts among US WRA remain unclear.

A review of research on cigarette smoking in Preventive Medicine in recognition of the journal's 50th anniversary.

This report reviews the literature on cigarette smoking published in Preventive Medicine over the past 50 years. The goal is twofold. First, to acknowledge the 50th anniversary of Preventive Medicine and its role in disseminating research on cigarette smoking by providing an abridged summary of smoking research published in the journal from inception through June 23, 2022.

The interactive effects of JUUL flavor and nicotine concentration on addiction potential.

Prior research suggests that flavors can influence the pharmacological effects of nicotine. We used commercially available JUUL pods to examine whether preferred menthol versus tobacco flavor increased the addictive potential of nicotine per se. This study recruited 15 regular JUUL e-cigarette users to complete a 2 × 2 factorial crossover trial using an entirely remote video format.

Immune check-point inhibitor-related pneumonitis: acute lung injury with rapid progression and organising pneumonia with less severe clinical disease.

Aims: To improve understanding of the pathology of immune check-point inhibitor (ICI)-related pneumonitis, clinical, radiographic and histopathological features and outcomes were investigated in a cohort of patients who were treatment-naive before receiving ICI inhibition, who underwent lung biopsy, and in whom other potential causes of lung injury were excluded.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified via searches of institutional pathology and clinical records. Patients treated with other modalities for cancer and patients with lung infections or other aetiologies that could cause pneumonitis were excluded.

E-liquid purchase as a function of workplace restriction in the experimental tobacco marketplace.

E-cigarette use is prohibited in most smoke-free environments. The effect of this policy on tobacco consumption could be examined using the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM). The ETM allows observation of policy on smokers' purchasing behavior under conditions that simulate "real-world" circumstances.

Utility of Bronchoscopy with Bronchoalveolar Lavage among Hematologic Transplant Recipients in the Era of Noninvasive Testing.

Background: Pulmonary complications are common among hematologic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Their evaluation can be pursued through bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and a variety of available noninvasive studies, which include newer molecular markers for detecting a variety of infectious agents.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of BAL among HSCT patients relative to the yield of noninvasive testing.

MAC Attack: Clinical Correlates of Complex Infection Among Patients With and Without Cancer.

Background: In 2007 the American Thoracic Society (ATS) released guidelines on management of complex (MAC), an increasingly common respiratory organism worldwide. Determining when this represents a true respiratory pathogen remains controversial and becomes increasingly challenging in patients with cancer. This study aims to 1) describe the phenotype that exists among cancer patients with MAC colonization and MAC pulmonary infection when compared to non-cancer patients; 2) assess whether cancer, symptoms, and radiographs, were associated with the decision to treat MAC pulmonary infection with antibiotics.

Pilot Study of Self-care Breath Training Exercise for Reduction of Chronic Dyspnea.

Purpose: Dyspnea related to chronic pulmonary disorders is difficult to manage. In this single-arm study, we evaluated feasibility and potential efficacy of a self-care breath training program to reduce dyspnea that persists despite standard treatments in patients with chronic lung disease.

Methods: Adult patients with a chronic pulmonary disorder and stable moderate dyspnea received one 30-min training on specific breathing techniques, followed by audio-guided at-home practice 15 min twice daily for 6 wk, supported with weekly telephone monitoring/coaching.

A comparison of the pathological, clinical and radiographical, features of cryptogenic organising pneumonia, acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia and granulomatous organising pneumonia.

Aims: Cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP) and acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia (AFOP) are recognised patterns of organising pneumonia (OP), a condition that resembles pneumonia but is not caused by infection. We have recognised granulomatous organising pneumonia (GOP) to be a similar histopathological entity where non-necrotising granulomata are intimately associated with the organising connective tissue. To what degree COP, AFOP and GOP represent distinct clinical and pathological disorders is unknown.

Physical activity preferences of early-stage lung cancer survivors.

Purpose: Engagement in physical activity can provide important benefits for cancer patients and survivors, including those diagnosed with lung cancer. Despite this, many survivors do not engage in recommended levels of physical activity and little is known about the obstacles encountered by lung cancer survivors. The current study examines the physical activity preferences of early-stage lung cancer survivors.

Impact of symptom burden in post-surgical non-small cell lung cancer survivors.

Purpose: Pain, fatigue, dyspnea, and distress are commonly reported cancer-related symptoms, but few studies have examined the effects of multiple concurrent symptoms in longer-term cancer survivors. We examined the impact of varying degrees of symptom burden on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and performance status in surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors.

Methods: A sample of 183 NSCLC survivors 1-6 years post-surgical treatment completed questionnaires assessing five specific symptoms (pain, fatigue, dyspnea, depression, and anxiety), HRQOL, and performance status.

Health behaviors of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer survivors.

Introduction: Lung cancer survivors are at risk for cancer recurrence and other chronic illnesses related predominantly to prior tobacco use and older age. Optimal quality of post-treatment care requires greater knowledge of survivors' adherence to behavioral health recommendations. This study reports the rates of smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, cancer screenings, and routine primary care visits in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors.

Fatigue and functional impairment in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer survivors.

Context: Fatigue is the most common sequela among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survivors one to six years post-treatment and is associated with functional limitations.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence, severity, and correlates of fatigue among early stage NSCLC survivors.

Methods: Three-hundred fifty individuals diagnosed and surgically treated for Stage IA or IB NSCLC completed a survey that included the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) to assess the prevalence and severity of fatigue.

Current dyspnea among long-term survivors of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Dyspnea is common among lung cancer patients. As most studies of dyspnea have reviewed patients with active cancer or immediately after treatment, its prevalence during the longer-term period once treatment has been completed is not well characterized. This study quantifies the prevalence of dyspnea among lung cancer survivors and identifies potential correlates that may be amenable to intervention.

Health-related quality of life among early-stage, non-small cell, lung cancer survivors.

Background: Limited data are available about the physical and mental functioning of individuals diagnosed and treated for early-stage lung cancer. To develop post-treatment guidelines and targeted resources for the growing number of lung cancer survivors, clinically relevant information about longer term health-related quality of life (HQOL) is needed. The current study examines lung cancer survivors' HQOL and identifies associations between HQOL and demographic, disease and medical risk factors.

Antibiotic use in the management of pulmonary nodules.

Background: Pulmonary nodules are common incidental findings on thoracic imaging examinations. This study sought to determine whether antibiotic use is associated with any improvement in nodule appearance and to identify clinical findings and nodule characteristics potentially influencing the decision to prescribe antibiotics.

Methods: Electronic medical records were reviewed of outpatients referred to a metropolitan cancer center for pulmonary nodules seen on chest CT scans who did not undergo biopsy.

Correlates of physical activity among lung cancer survivors.

Objective: Lung cancer survivors commonly experience impairments in quality of life, which may be improved through regular physical activity. However, little is known regarding correlates of physical activity in this survivor population. The current study addressed this research gap.

Physical activity among lung cancer survivors: changes across the cancer trajectory and associations with quality of life.

Background: Regular physical activity may offer benefits to lung cancer survivors, many of whom experience quality-of-life (QOL) impairments. However, little is know about lung cancer survivors' engagement in physical activity across the cancer trajectory. The current study addressed this research gap and also examined the association between lung cancer survivors' physical activity and their QOL.

Acupuncture for dyspnea in advanced cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial [ISRCTN89462491].

Background: Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a common symptom in patients with advanced cancer. Pharmacologic management is of proven benefit, but it does not help all patients. Preliminary data suggest that acupuncture can relieve dyspnea in a variety of populations, including cancer patients.

Prompt control of bronchorrhea in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma treated with gefitinib (Iressa).

Bronchorrhea is a condition in which voluminous sputum is produced daily, typically seen with bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC). Unless the underlying cancer can be controlled, bronchorrhea causes substantial symptomatic distress. We report two cases of bronchorrhea associated with advanced BAC successfully treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib.