Upper Airway Alarmin Cytokine Expression in Asthma of Different Severities.

The secretion of alarmin cytokines by epithelial cells, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, initiates inflammatory cascades in asthma. However, alarmin cytokine expression in the upper airways in asthma remains largely unknown. We recruited 40 participants with asthma into four groups as per the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) steps (10 in each group of GINA 1/2, 3, 4, and 5).

A generalized analytical energy balance model for evaluating agglomeration from a binary collision of wet particles.

Agglomeration of wet particles, i.e., particles coated with a thin liquid layer, is a common phenomenon in many processes like fluidized bed combustion of low rank fuels.

The compact genome of the sponge Oopsacas minuta (Hexactinellida) is lacking key metazoan core genes.

Background: Explaining the emergence of the hallmarks of bilaterians is a central focus of evolutionary developmental biology-evodevo-and evolutionary genomics. For this purpose, we must both expand and also refine our knowledge of non-bilaterian genomes, especially by studying early branching animals, in particular those in the metazoan phylum Porifera.

Results: We present a comprehensive analysis of the first whole genome of a glass sponge, Oopsacas minuta, a member of the Hexactinellida.

SARS-CoV-2-Induced TSLP Is Associated with Duration of Hospital Stay in COVID-19 Patients.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelium-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in lung inflammatory responses. Previous studies show conflicting observations in blood TSLP in COVID-19, while none report SARS-CoV-2 inducing TSLP expression in bronchial epithelial cells. Our objective in this study was to determine whether TSLP levels increase in COVID-19 patients and if SARS-CoV-2 induces TSLP expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: Frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response.

The exposure of the airway epithelium to external stimuli such as allergens, microbes, and air pollution triggers the release of the alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP interact with their ligands, IL-17RA, IL1RL1 and TSLPR respectively, expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, ILC2 cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Alarmins play key roles in driving type 2-high, and to a lesser extent type 2-low responses, in asthma.

SAR228810: an antibody for protofibrillar amyloid β peptide designed to reduce the risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA).

Background: Anti-amyloid β (Aβ) immunotherapy represents a major area of drug development for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, Aβ peptide adopts multiple conformations and the pathological forms to be specifically targeted have not been identified. Aβ immunotherapy-related vasogenic edema has also been severely dose limiting for antibodies with effector functions binding vascular amyloid such as bapineuzumab.

A differential phosphoproteomic analysis of retinoic acid-treated P19 cells.

External stimuli trigger internal signaling events within a cell that may represent either a temporary or permanent shift in the phosphorylation state of its proteome. Numerous reports have elucidated phosphorylation sites from a variety of biological samples and more recent studies have monitored the temporal dynamics of protein phosphorylation as a given system is perturbed. Understanding which proteins are phosphorylated as well as when they are phosphorylated may indicate novel functional roles within a system and allow new therapeutic avenues to be explored.

Proteomic analysis of brain tissue from an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis.

We used a beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic (Tg) mouse model that displays some of the typical Alzheimer-associated pathological features to study the brain proteoma associated with amyloid plaque deposition. Two groups (male and female) of 14-month-old Tg mice were compared with their wild type littermates. We used differential 2D electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry to generate one of the first complete image of changes in brain protein expression occurring in this well-recognized model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Proteomic characterization of the effects of clofibrate on protein expression in rat liver.

Clofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator known to induce liver tumours in rats. A proteomics study was conducted to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of clofibrate-induced non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats were treated with 250 mg/kg day clofibrate orally and sacrificed after 7 days.