Integrated Assessment of OCT, Multimodal Imaging, and Cytokine Markers for Predicting Treatment Responses in Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated Macular Edema: A Comparative Review of Anti-VEGF and Steroid Therapies.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a significant cause of vision loss, characterized by the occlusion of retinal veins, leading to conditions such as central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Macular edema (ME), a prevalent consequence of RVO, is the primary cause of vision impairment in affected patients. Anti-VEGF agents have become the standard treatment, showing efficacy in improving visual acuity (VA) and reducing ME.

Comparison of Surgical Times Between Manual and Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling.

Purpose: Epiretinal membranes (ERM) pose a common challenge in vitreoretinal pathology, often causing vision impairment in older adults. The Preceyes Surgical System (PSS) supports the surgical removal of ERM through robot-assisted membrane peeling (RA-MP). This study compares surgical times and iatrogenic hemorrhages between manual membrane peeling (MMP) and RA-MP using PSS.

Microinterventional system for robot-assisted gonioscopic surgery- technical feasibility and preclinical evaluation in synthetic eye models.

Background: Preclinical technical feasibility study of robot-assisted microinvasive glaucoma surgery using a novel ophthalmic robot-assisted surgery system.

Methods: Feasibility was assessed in synthetic eye models in two stages: Stage I, nonimplantable robot-assisted goniotomy; and Stage II, robot-assisted stent implantation using a trabecular bypass stent. Robot-assisted interventions were subsequently compared to the manual approach.

Viscoelastics Enable Dissection of Anterior Closed Funnels in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Retrospective Case Series.

Introduction: The present study aimed to describe a case series of patients in which a cohesive ophthalmic viscous device (OVD) was used to viscodissect and posteriorly displace the retina in cases of total retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy, operated with minimally invasive pars plana vitrectomy.

Case Presentations: Three patients with a mean age of 67 years were included in the present study. One eye was aphakic, while the others were pseudophakic.

Epiretinal implant of human amniotic membrane to treat highly myopic macular hole retinal detachments: A novel surgical technique.

Purpose: To describe a new surgical technique involving the use of a human amniotic membrane (hAM) epiretinal patch to treat a primary macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) in a highly myopic patient.

Methods: A 60 years old highly myopic man was referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of MHRD in his right eye. The patient was pseudophakic, with a visual acuity of counting fingers at the baseline evaluation.

Refractory post-surgical cystoid macular edema managed following suprachoroidal microcatheterization and delivery of triamcinolone.

Background: Post-surgical macular edema (ME) is a common cause of prolonged visual impairment. Here we report on the feasibility and clinical outcomes from the use of a novel suprachoroidal microcatheter to treat post-surgical chronic ME by the posterior suprachoroidal placement of a triamcinolone acetonide (TA) suspension.

Methods: Two patients were catheterized with the Oxulumis suprachoroidal delivery system on two separate occasions starting 5 and 10 mm posterior to the limbus.

The Infectious Uveitis Treatment Algorithm Network (TITAN) Report 2-global current practice patterns for the management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.

Aims: To present current practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) by uveitis experts worldwide.

Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey with masking of the study team was performed. Based on experience and expertise, 100 international uveitis specialists from 21 countries were invited to participate in the survey.

Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Prospective Assessment of Pre- and Intra-Operative Times and of Surgeons' Subjective Perceptions.

Purpose: The Preceyes Surgical System (PSS) is a robotic assistive device that may enhance surgical precision. This study assessed pre- and intra-operative times and surgeons' perceptions of robot-assisted epiretinal membrane peeling (RA-MP).

Methods: We analyzed the time requirement of three main tasks: the preparation of the PSS (I), patient preparation (II), and surgery (III).

Systemic lupus erythematosus purtscher like retinopathy: Optical coherence tomography angiography assessment implications.

Purpose: to underline the importance of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in the diagnosis, assessment of final visual outcome and better understanding of the Purtscher like retinopathy, as well as to emphasize on performing an ophthalmologic evaluation in all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as eye involvement is closely related with disease activity.

Methods: case report. Ophthalmologic multimodal imaging assessment of a patient short after experiencing a systemic lupus erythematosus severe outset.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists as a potential treatment option in persistent subretinal fluid following the repair of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To report the resolution of subretinal fluid persisting more than a year following retinal detachment surgery resolving with a short term course of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists use.

Observations: A 41 year-old, highly myopic male presented with a temporal rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the macula. The tear was treated with a radial sponge without subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage.

Clinical Evaluation of an Instrument-Integrated OCT-Based Distance Sensor for Robotic Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of an instrument-integrated OCT (iiOCT)-based distance sensor during robotic vitreoretinal surgery using the Preceyes Surgical System (PSS; Preceyes B.V.).

Randomised controlled trial on robot-assisted versus manual surgery for pucker peeling.

Background: The aim was to explore the feasibility and safety of performing common surgical steps in epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling using the Preceyes Surgical System (PSS).

Methods: In a tertiary centre, 15 pseudophakic patients with an idiopathic ERM were randomised to robot-assistance or manual surgery in a 2:1 ratio. In the robot-assisted group, the following steps were performed using PSS: (1) staining the internal limiting membrane (ILM), (2) removal of the dye, (3) creating an ILM flap, (4) completing the peeling, (5) holding a light pipe and (6) fluid-air exchange.

The Role of Intravitreal Corticosteroids in the Treatment of DME: Predictive OCT Biomarkers.

This work aims to summarize predictive biomarkers to guide treatment choice in DME. Intravitreal anti-VEGF is considered the gold standard treatment for centers involving DME, while intravitreal steroid treatment has been established as a second-line treatment in DME. However, more than 1/3 of the patients do not adequately respond to anti-VEGF treatment despite up to 4-weekly injections.

Subretinal Therapy: Technological Solutions to Surgical and Immunological Challenges.

Recent advances in ocular gene and cellular therapy rely on precisely controlled subretinal delivery. Due to its inherent limitations, manual delivery can lead to iatrogenic damage to the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium, favor reflux into the vitreous cavity. In addition, it suffers from lack of standardization, variability in delivery and the need to maintain proficiency.

Macular Hemorrhage Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration or Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm: Predictive Factors of Surgical Outcome.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the outcomes and prognostic factors of vitrectomy, subretinal injection of tissue-plasminogen activator and gas tamponade in macular hemorrhage (MaH) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM).

Methods: The study design utilized a multicentric retrospective case series design of consecutive patients undergoing surgery between 2014 and 2019.

Results: A total of 65 eyes from 65 patients were included in the study.

Manifestations of intraocular inflammation over time in patients on brolucizumab for neovascular AMD.

Purpose: To describe the adverse events associated with brolucizumab, in particular the sequence of intraocular inflammation (IOI), retinal vasculitis (RV), and/or retinal vascular occlusion (RO).

Methods: This was an unmasked post hoc analysis of the randomized HAWK/HARRIER clinical trials. Patients with neovascular AMD in the brolucizumab arms of the trials were included.

The Eye of the Storm: COVID-19 Vaccination and the Eye.

The COVID-19 pandemic has galvanized the global response towards the development of new vaccines based on novel technologies at an unprecedented pace. Since the widespread implementation of vaccination campaigns, case reports on vaccines' systemic side effects, including ocular manifestations, have emerged. Since administered vaccines are generally not able to cause the disease in the recipient, or induce an immune response against the pathogen, we hypothesize that the development of ocular phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination may occur via an immune response elicited by the vaccine.

First-in-Human Robot-Assisted Subretinal Drug Delivery Under Local Anesthesia.

Purpose: To report the results of a first-in-human study using a robotic device to assist subretinal drug delivery in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for macular hemorrhage.

Design: Double-armed, randomized controlled surgical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03052881).

Ocular Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has galvanized the development of new vaccines at an unprecedented pace. Since the widespread implementation of vaccination campaigns, reports of ocular adverse effects after COVID-19 vaccinations have emerged. This review summarizes ocular adverse effects possibly associated with COVID-19 vaccination, and discusses their clinical characteristics and management.

Tarsier Anterior Chamber Cell Grading: Improving the SUN Grading Scheme with a Visual Analog Scale.

Purpose: To compare an analog visual scale in grading anterior chamber cells (ACC) to a modified Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) ACC scale.

Method: A graphical representation of anterior chamber cells as a reference and a test set was created and shown to two groups of experienced uveitis experts. Group 1 was given the analog scale in written format, while group two was given the reference images for comparison.