The effect of β-carotene supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and its active metabolite M8 in HIV-1-infected patients.

β-Carotene supplements are often taken by individuals living with HIV-1. Contradictory results from in vitro studies suggest that β-carotene may inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzymes and transporters. The study objective was to investigate the effect of β-carotene on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and its active metabolite M8 in HIV-1 infected individuals.

Analysis of LC-MS data for characterizing the metabolic changes in response to radiation.

Recent advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics have created the potential to measure the levels of hundreds of metabolites that are the end products of cellular regulatory processes. In this study, we investigate the metabolic changes in genetically engineered cell lines in response to radiation exposure. "Shrinkage t" statistic and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis methods are utilized to identify peaks whose signal intensities were significantly altered by radiation.

Time-dependent interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and fexofenadine.

This study investigated the effect of single-dose and steady-state lopinavir/ritonavir on the exposure to fexofenadine, as a measure of P-glycoprotein activity. Sixteen volunteers (8 women) received single-dose oral fexofenadine 120 mg alone, in combination with single-dose ritonavir 100 mg or lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg (randomized 1:1, stratified by sex), and in combination with steady-state lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg twice daily. Single-dose ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir increased the area under the fexofenadine plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC(infinity)) by 2.

The pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and M8 during pregnancy and post partum.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and its active metabolite hydroxy-t-butylamidenelfinavir (M8) during pregnancy and post partum.

Methods: Eleven human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women receiving 1250 mg nelfinavir twice daily were enrolled. Pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and M8 were assessed over a 12-hour period during pregnancy (median, 32 weeks' gestation; range, 31-36 weeks) and post partum (median, 8 weeks post partum; range, 6-15 weeks).