Effect of Metformin on HIF-1α Signaling and Postoperative Adhesion Formation.

Background: Peritoneal adhesion formation is common after abdominal surgery and results in severe complications. Tissue hypoxia is one of the main drivers of peritoneal adhesions. Thus, we determined the clinical role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling in peritoneal adhesions and investigated whether the biguanide antidiabetic drug metformin shows HIF-inhibitory effects and could be repurposed to prevent adhesion formation.

Carbon Dioxide Sensing by Immune Cells Occurs through Carbonic Anhydrase 2-Dependent Changes in Intracellular pH.

CO, the primary gaseous product of respiration, is a major physiologic gas, the biology of which is poorly understood. Elevated CO is a feature of the microenvironment in multiple inflammatory diseases that suppresses immune cell activity. However, little is known about the CO-sensing mechanisms and downstream pathways involved.