Compressive mechanical properties of dry antler cortical bone cylinders from different cervidae species.

Antlers are bony structures composed predominantly of primary osteons with unique mechanical properties due to their specific use by deer as weapon and shield. Antler bone fracture resistance has attracted prior scrutiny through experimental tests and theoretical models. To characterize antler mechanical properties, compression of cubes, or bending or tensioning of rectangular bars have been performed in the literature with variations in the protocols precluding comparisons of the data.

Bilateral contracture of the carpal and digital flexor muscles resulting in carpal flexural deformity in a cat.

Case Summary: A 12-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was presented with bilateral progressive forelimb lameness that was unresponsive to anti-inflammatory drugs. Bilateral carpal flexural deformity with hyperflexion of multiple toes of the right forelimb was observed. In the absence of abnormalities detected on radiographs and ultrasound, a bilateral contracture of the carpal and digital flexor muscles was diagnosed.

Patellar Proximo-Distal Displacement following Modified Maquet Technique Is Not Predictive of Patellar Luxation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the low sensitivity of the Allberg and Miles index to the stifle opening angle, evaluate the displacement of the patella after a Modified Maquet Technique using this index and assess the incidence of patellar luxation post-Modified Maquet Technique in dogs.

Study Design:  Medical records were reviewed from 2012 to 2017. Allberg Miles index were determined for each stifle pre- and postoperatively, as well as the stifle joint opening of each case.

Determination of the Stifle Angle at Standing Position in Dogs.

Background: The cranial cruciate ligament rupture is one of the most common orthopaedic diseases encountered in dogs. Surgical techniques have been developed to stabilize the stifle, with an overall accepted benefit of tibial osteotomies among which is the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). Prior to surgery, the required TTA must be determined on a strict lateral radiographical view of the affected stifle with femur and tibia at an angle of 135° as initially recommended.

Tibial Plateau Leveling Following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement: A Case Series.

Persistent stifle instability is a recognized complication following tibial tuberosity advancement techniques (TTAT). The aim of this study is to report the feasibility and outcome of tibial plateau leveling techniques (TPLT) to treat dogs with persistent lameness, suspected to be secondary to persistent stifle instability, following (TTAT). Medical records of dogs presented for persistent lameness after TTAT were reviewed.

Short-Term Bone Healing Response to Mechanical Stimulation-A Case Series Conducted on Sheep.

It is well known that mechanical stimulation promotes indirect fracture healing by triggering callus formation. We investigated the short-term response of healing tissue to mechanical stimulation to compare the changes in tissue stiffness during stimulation and resting phases in a preclinical case-series. Four sheep underwent a tibial osteotomy and were instrumented with a custom-made active fixator which applied a mechanical stimulation protocol of 1000 cycles/day, equally distributed over 12 h, followed by 12 h of rest.

In vivo evaluation of deer antler trabecular bone as a reconstruction material for bone defects.

Availability of graft materials to fill up osseous defects has always been a concern in orthopaedic surgeries. Deer antler material is a primary bone structure that is easy to collect and could serve as a xenograft. This study examines the behaviour of red deer antler trabecular cylinders in critical size distal femoral epiphyseal defects in 11 rabbits, and evaluates the effect of the decellularization protocols.

Effect of orthopedic implants on canine long bone compression stiffness: a combined experimental and computational approach.

Osteosynthesis for canine long bones is a complex process requiring knowledge of biology, surgical techniques and (bio)mechanical principles. Subject-specific finite element analysis constitutes a promising tool to evaluate the effect of surgical intervention on the global properties of a bone-implant construct, but suffers from a lack of validation. In this study, the biomechanical behavior of 10 canine humeri was compared before and after creation of a 10 mm bone defect stabilized with an eight-hole locking compression plate (Synthes) and two locking screws on each fragment.

A randomized, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of a diet supplemented with curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in owner's dogs with osteoarthritis.

Background: We have previously demonstrated that a mixture of Curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed COllagen and green Tea extract (CCOT) inhibited inflammatory and catabolic mediator's synthesis by bovine and human chondrocytes. A randomly allocated, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a diet containing this CCOT mixture on dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, 42 owner's dogs with OA were randomly assigned to receive for 3 months an experimental diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with CCOT.

Risk factors for tibial damage associated with the modified Maquet technique in 174 stifles.

Objective: To identify risk factors for tibial damage associated with the modified Maquet technique (MMT) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Sample Population: One hundred and seventy-four stifles from 147 client-owned dogs.

Comparison of clinical effects of epidural levobupivacaine morphine versus bupivacaine morphine in dogs undergoing elective pelvic limb surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, in terms of the amount of rescue analgesia required, and the clinical usefulness of epidural injection of morphine with bupivacaine or levobupivacaine for elective pelvic limb surgery in dogs during a 24-hour perioperative period.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomized clinical study.

Animals: A group of 26 dogs weighing 31.

Preliminary evaluation of the effects of photobiomodulation therapy and physical rehabilitation on early postoperative recovery of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy for treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of postoperative photobiomodulation therapy and physical rehabilitation on early recovery variables for dogs after hemilaminectomy for treatment of intervertebral disk disease. ANIMALS 32 nonambulatory client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs received standard postoperative care with photobiomodulation therapy (n = 11), physical rehabilitation with sham photobiomodulation treatment (11), or sham photobiomodulation treatment only (10) after surgery.

Intraosseous stress distribution and bone interaction during load application across the canine elbow joint: A preliminary finite element analysis for determination of condylar fracture pathogenesis in immature and mature dogs.

Distal humeral fractures are common fractures especially in immature small breed dogs. The pathogenesis is still unknown. For this study, a three- dimensional bone model of the canine elbow was created and finite element analysis performed in order to determine the relationship between fracture type and bone interactions.

Prediction of the mechanical response of canine humerus to three-point bending using subject-specific finite element modelling.

Subject-specific finite element models could improve decision making in canine long-bone fracture repair. However, it preliminary requires that finite element models predicting the mechanical response of canine long bone are proposed and validated. We present here a combined experimental-numerical approach to test the ability of subject-specific finite element models to predict the bending response of seven pairs of canine humeri directly from medical images.

Curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract synergically inhibit inflammatory and catabolic mediator's synthesis by normal bovine and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes in monolayer.

The main objective of this study was to assess the in vitro effects of curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract in normal bovine chondrocytes and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes cultured in monolayer. This study also investigated the synergic or additive effects of these compounds. Enzymatically isolated primary bovine or human chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer until confluence and then incubated for 24 hours or 48 hours in the absence or in the presence of interleukin-1β and with or without curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen or green tea extract, added alone or in combination, at different concentrations.

Preactivation of the quadriceps muscle could limit cranial tibial translation in a cranial cruciate ligament deficient canine stifle.

Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency is the leading cause of lameness of the canine stifle. Application of tension in the quadriceps muscle could trigger cranial tibial translation in case of CrCL rupture. We replaced the quadriceps muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle by load cells and turn-buckles.

Mandibular osteodistraction for correction of deep bite class II malocclusion in a horse.

Objective: To describe a technique for, and outcome after, mandibular osteodistraction in the horse.

Study Design: Clinical report.

Animals: Warmblood horse.

Urodynamic and morphologic changes in the lower portion of the urogenital tract after administration of estriol alone and in combination with phenylpropanolamine in sexually intact and spayed female dogs.

Objective: To compare the urodynamic and morphologic effects of the administration of estriol alone and in combination with phenylpropanolamine on the lower portion of the urogenital tract in female dogs.

Animals: 3 sexually intact and 3 spayed female Beagles without urinary incontinence.

Procedure: Dogs received estriol (2 mg, PO) once daily for 7 days followed by estriol (2 mg, PO) and phenylpropanolamine (1.

Evaluation of the urodynamic and hemodynamic effects of orally administered phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine in female dogs.

Objective: To compare the urodynamic and hemodynamic effects of different dosages of phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine and determine effective dosages in increasing urethral resistance in female dogs.

Animals: 20 sexually intact female Beagles.

Procedure: Dogs were allocated into 4 groups and received phenylpropanolamine once, twice, or 3 times daily, or ephedrine twice daily, for 14 days.

Use of autogenous fascia lata graft for perineal herniorrhaphy in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a herniorrhaphy technique, using an autogenous fascia lata graft (FLG) for perineal hernia (PH) repair in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Twelve dogs with PH.

Influence of the estrous cycle on urodynamic and morphometric measurements of the lower portion of the urogenital tract in dogs.

Objectives: To compare the values of the urodynamic parameters of the lower portion of the urinary tract and vaginourethral measurements obtained during the phases of the estrous cycle in dogs and determine possible functional or anatomic modifications of the lower portion of the urinary tract associated with those phases.

Animals: 7 adult female Beagles.

Procedure: Urethral pressure profilometry, diuresis cystometry, and vaginourethrography were performed in each dog during proestrus; estrus; early, mid, and late diestrus; and early and late anestrus.

Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical management of canine osteoarthritis: present and future perspectives.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic musculoskeletal diseases and causes of lameness in the dogs. The osteoarthritic disease process involves the entire synovial joint, encompassing the synovium, cartilage and underlying bone. Joint failure results from an abnormal mechanical strain causing damage to normal tissue or failure of pathologically impaired articular cartilage and bone under the influence of normal physiological strain or a combination of both.

Evaluation of a nontoxic rigid polymer as connecting bar in external skeletal fixators.

Objective: To investigate the mechanical characteristics of a nontoxic, low-cost, rigid polymer (RP) and to compare the structural and mechanical properties of a full-frame external skeletal fixator (ESF) with either RP connecting bars, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) connecting bars, or stainless-steel (SS) clamps and connecting bars.

Study Design: In vitro mechanical evaluation.

Methods: Mechanical properties were assessed using an in vitro bone fracture model with a bilateral uniplanar ESF (type II).

Validation and comparison of the use of diuresis cystometry and retrograde filling cystometry at various infusion rates in female Beagle dogs.

Objectives: To compare retrograde filling cystometry at infusion rates of 5, 10, and 20 mL/min with diuresis cystometry for determination of an appropriate infusion rate and to confirm the reproducibility of measurements obtained by urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and cystometry in female Beagles.

Animals: Adult female Beagles.

Procedure: Successive UPP and cystometry were performed by use of a water perfusion catheter on dogs anesthetized with propofol.