Left heart bypass for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: technical aspects.

There are different surgical techniques for providing circulatory support during the repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. They all aim at reducing the afterload of the heart and the preservation of distal organ perfusion. Partial or total extracorporeal circulation with or without cooling and left heart bypass (LHB) are actually the most used surgical approaches.

Contemporary spinal cord protection during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery and endovascular aortic repair: a position paper of the vascular domain of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery†.

Ischaemic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains the Achilles heel of open and endovascular descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal repair. Neurological outcomes have improved coincidentially with the introduction of neuroprotective measures. However, SCI (paraplegia and paraparesis) remains the most devastating complication.

The classic elephant trunk technique for staged thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair: long-term results.

Objective: The classic elephant trunk (ET) technique has become the standard approach for patients with diffuse aortic disease requiring a staged thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes and predictors for survival after surgical repair of extensive thoracic aortic disease with the ET technique.

Methods: Between 1984 and 2013, 248 consecutive patients were treated in our institution and analyzed retrospectively.

Infectious aortitis with multiple mycotic aneurysms caused by Streptococcus agalactiae.

We report a case of a 66-year-old man with multiple thoracoabdominal mycotic aortic aneurysms caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (S agalactiae). The infectious aortitis (IA) was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography and confirmed by positive blood cultures. The patient was treated with antibiotics, but, after worsening of the aortitis, a successful surgical procedure was performed.

Reoperation after acute type a aortic dissection repair: a series of 104 patients.

Background: Our objective was to analyze the causes, timing, and results of reoperation after primary repair for acute type A dissection.

Methods: One hundred and four consecutive patients underwent a reoperation after previous type A aortic dissection repair (1972 to 2008). Supracoronary ascending aorta replacement (SCAR) was commonly performed during primary repair and it was associated with aortic root replacement in 13 cases and with hemiarch replacement in 26 patients.

The future of aortic surgery in Europe.

At least every ten years, each specialty should reflect upon its past, its present and its future, in order to be able to reconfirm the direction in which it is headed, to adopt suggestions from inside and outside and, consequently, to improve. As such, the aim of this manuscript is to provide the interested reader with an overview of how aortic surgery and (perhaps more accurately) aortic medicine has evolved in Europe, and its present standing; also to provide a glimpse into the future, trying to disseminate the thoughts of a group of people actively involved in the development of aortic medicine in Europe, namely the Vascular Domain of the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).

Early and late outcome after aortic root replacement with a mechanical valve prosthesis in a series of 528 patients.

Background: Aortic root replacement with a mechanical valve prosthesis is a widely accepted surgical technique. This study aims to evaluate short-term and long-term outcomes of this approach and to identify predictors of 30-day mortality.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of 528 patients (mean age, 54±13 years) who underwent aortic root replacement for aneurysm (83%), acute type A dissection (15%), or endocarditis (2%) in the period between 1974 and 2008.

Evidence, lack of evidence, controversy, and debate in the provision and performance of the surgery of acute type A aortic dissection.

Acute type A aortic dissection is a lethal condition requiring emergency surgery. It has diverse presentations, and the diagnosis can be missed or delayed. Once diagnosed, decisions with regard to initial management, transfer, appropriateness of surgery, timing of operation, and intervention for malperfusion complications are necessary.

Should intentional endovascular stent-graft coverage of the left subclavian artery be preceded by prophylactic revascularisation?

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional open aortic replacement but it requires suitable proximal and distal landing zones for stent-graft anchoring. Many aortic pathologies affect in the immediate proximity of the left subclavian artery (LSA) limiting the proximal landing zone site without proximal vessel coverage. In patients in whom the distance between the LSA and aortic lesion is too short, extension of the landing zone can be obtained by covering the LSA's origin with the endovascular stent graft (ESG).

Aortic reoperation after freestanding homograft and pulmonary autograft root replacement.

Background: Human allografts and pulmonary autografts offer many advantages as an aortic valve and root substitute. The progressive degeneration of the aortic allograft and the pulmonary autograft has been seen as an important disadvantage, and the need for a reoperation has been perceived as challenging and risky for the patients.

Methods: Between March 1992 and October 2009, 53 consecutive patients (mean age 50 ± 13 years; 38 male), who had a previous aortic root replacement, underwent redo surgery for failure of the aortic homograft (n = 42) or the pulmonary autograft (n = 11).

Reoperations for aortic false aneurysms after cardiac surgery.

Background: Aortic false aneurysm is a rare complication after cardiac surgery. Aortic dissection, infection, arterial wall degeneration, and poor surgical technique are recognized as risk factors for the occurrence of postsurgical false aneurysm. Despite some recent reports about percutaneous false aneurysm exclusion, a complex surgical reoperation is needed in most of the cases.

Stentless biological valved conduit for aortic root replacement: initial experience with the Shelhigh BioConduit model NR-2000C.

Objectives: We retrospectively evaluated our results with the Shelhigh biological conduit model NR-2000C (Shelhigh, Inc, Milburn, NJ).

Methods: From November 1998 through December 2007, 175 patients with a mean age of 71.1 ± 7.

Rerouting anomalous hepatic venous connection to the left atrium.

Total hepatic venous drainage into the left atrium is an extremely uncommon abnormality. We present a patient in whom the hepatic veins drained into the left atrium in the absence of other intracardiac or extracardiac anomalies. Surgical correction of the anomalous hepatic venous connection was performed by suturing the hepatic veins to the right atrium.

Intra-aortic balloon pump related thrombus in the proximal descending thoracic aorta with peripheral emboli.

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a mechanical circulatory assist device commonly used for patients with cardiogenic shock or perioperative cardiac failure. The use of IABPs is, however, associated with severe complications occurring in 6-15% of patients. We report a case and present images of a patient who died of sequelae after thrombus formation in the thoracic aorta as an exceedingly rare complication of IABP use.