Multilayer Nanocarrier for the Codelivery of Interferons: A Promising Strategy for Biocompatible and Long-Acting Antiviral Treatment.

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response with a synergistic regulatory effect on the immune response. They are therapeutics for various viral and proliferative conditions, with proven safety and efficacy. Their clinical application is challenging due to the molecules' size, degradation, and pharmacokinetics.

Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and evaluation.

Nanoparticles (NPs) physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, surface chemistry, charge, etc., play a critical role in biological systems interactions, which include NPs' cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, and toxicity. Although nano-bio interactions are multifaceted and complex, their assessment is essential for future therapeutic and diagnostic use since being carriers that deliver specific molecules (i.

Inspiration from cruzioseptin-1: membranolytic analogue with improved antibacterial properties.

Peptide engineering has gained attraction as a source of new cationicity-enhanced analogues with high potential for the design of next-generation antibiotics. In this context, cruzioseptin-1 (CZS-1), a peptide identified from Cruziohyla calcarifer, is recognized for its antimicrobial potency. However, this amidated-peptide is moderately hemolytic.

Immunouniverse of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health problem that has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The infection can present with multiple clinical features ranging from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients to patients with severe or critical illness that can even lead to death. Although the immune system plays an important role in pathogen control, SARS-CoV-2 can drive dysregulation of this response and trigger severe immunopathology.

Development of assisted reproductive technologies for the conservation of Atelopus sp. (spumarius complex).

Amphibians are in peril, given the ongoing sixth mass extinction of wildlife. Thus, Conservation Breeding Programs (CBPs) are attempting to breed some species under laboratory conditions. The incorporation of assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs), such as hormonal stimulation, sperm collection and cryopreservation, and in vitro fertilization is contributing to successful CBPs.

Tracking SARS-CoV-2: Novel Trends and Diagnostic Strategies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on economies and health systems globally, therefore a top priority is the development of increasingly better diagnostic and surveillance alternatives to slow down the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In order to establish massive testing and contact tracing policies, it is crucial to have a clear view of the diagnostic options available and their principal advantages and drawbacks. Although classical molecular methods such as RT-qPCR are broadly used, diagnostic alternatives based on technologies such as LAMP, antigen, serological testing, or the application of novel technologies such as CRISPR-Cas for diagnostics, are also discussed.

Volcanic Ash as a Precursor for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Susceptible Populations in Ecuador: A Satellite Imaging and Excess Mortality-Based Analysis.

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered entire nations and their health systems. The greatest impact of the pandemic has been seen among vulnerable populations, such as those with comorbidities like heart diseases, kidney failure, obesity, or those with worse health determinants such as unemployment and poverty. In the current study, we are proposing previous exposure to fine-grained volcanic ashes as a risk factor for developing COVID-19.

Corrigendum: Blockade of IL-33R/ST2 Signaling Attenuates Ileitis Depending on IL-22 Expression.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.

Sugar-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Selenide Semiconductor Nanocrystals under Ultrasound Irradiation.

Silver selenide (AgSe) is a promising nanomaterial due to its outstanding optoelectronic properties and countless bio-applications. To the best of our knowledge, we report, for the first time, a simple and easy method for the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of AgSe nanoparticles (NPs) by mixing aqueous solutions of silver nitrate (AgNO) and selenous acid (HSeO) that act as Ag and Se sources, respectively, in the presence of dissolved fructose and starch that act as reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively. The concentrations of mono- and polysaccharides were screened to determine their effect on the size, shape and colloidal stability of the as-synthesized AgSe NPs which, in turn, impact the optical properties of these NPs.

Recent Advances in the Roles of Neutrophils in Toxoplasmosis.

Neutrophils are now recognized as major components of the response to Toxoplasma gondii by their contribution to parasite elimination by a number of mechanisms. This article focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of migration, cytokine release, and formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils during toxoplasmosis.

Blockade of IL-33R/ST2 Signaling Attenuates Ileitis Depending on IL-22 Expression.

Oral infection (30 cysts of 76K strain) induces acute lethal ileitis in sensitive C57BL/6 (B6) mice with increased expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in the ileum. Here we show that IL-33 is involved in ileitis, since absence of IL-33R/ST2 attenuated neutrophilic inflammation and Th1 cytokines upon infection with enhanced survival. Blockade of ST2 by neutralizing ST2 antibody in B6 mice conferred partial protection, while rmIL-33 aggravated ileitis.

Interleukin 17 receptor signaling is deleterious during Toxoplasma gondii infection in susceptible BL6 mice.

Th17 cells are involved in host defense against several pathogens. Using interleukin (IL) 17RA-deficient mice, we demonstrated reduced ileitis with diminished neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory lesions in the ileum, in the regional lymph node, in the spleen, and in the liver at day 7 and prolonged survival after Toxoplasma gondii infection. In addition, IL-17A antibody neutralization reduced inflammation and enhanced survival in BL6 mice.