Lower Back Pain Caused by the Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Physical Activity and Daily Sitting Among Adult Saudi Arabian Populations in Jeddah: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 quarantine period, most outdoor activities and events were banned, resulting in a decrease in physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting (PS) time, which are significant factors in the development of lower back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical inactivity and daily sitting time during quarantine with LBP among the Saudi Arabian population.

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, 288 participants were recruited using an online, self-administered questionnaire in Arabic.

The Antifungal and Ocular Permeation of Ketoconazole from Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Trans-Ethosomes Nanoparticles.

Ketoconazole (KET), a synthetic imidazole broad-spectrum antifungal agent, is characterized by its poor aqueous solubility and high molecular weight, which might hamper its corneal permeation. The aim was to develop an ophthalmic formulation loaded with optimized trans-ethosomal vesicles to enhance KET ocular permeation, antifungal activity, rapid drug drainage, and short elimination half-life. Four formulation factors affecting the vesicles' size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and flexibility of the trans-ethosomes formulations were optimized.