Hyperkalemia Management with Intravenous Insulin in Patients with Reduced Kidney Function.

: Insufficient kidney function increases the risk of hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia, particularly in hemodialysis-dependent patients. Hypoglycemia is a common complication of insulin-based hyperkalemia treatment. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyperkalemia treatment in hemodialysis-dependent and -non-dependent patients and identify risk factors associated with hypoglycemia.

Lower Back Pain Caused by the Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Physical Activity and Daily Sitting Among Adult Saudi Arabian Populations in Jeddah: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 quarantine period, most outdoor activities and events were banned, resulting in a decrease in physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting (PS) time, which are significant factors in the development of lower back pain (LBP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between physical inactivity and daily sitting time during quarantine with LBP among the Saudi Arabian population.

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, 288 participants were recruited using an online, self-administered questionnaire in Arabic.

Community Pharmacy Staff Knowledge, Opinion and Practice toward Drug Shortages in Saudi Arabia.

Drug shortages continue to pose a significant threat to public health and safety. Drug shortages not only worsen patient outcomes, but also significantly burden healthcare systems with additional costs. This study aimed to assess community pharmacy staff knowledge, opinion, and practice toward drug shortages in Saudi Arabia from November 2019 to March 2020.

Stroke Risk Factor Awareness Among Populations in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Stroke is considered the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world. The incidence of stroke in Saudi Arabia is 43.8 per 100,000, due to the lack of knowledge and awareness of the population.

The Antifungal and Ocular Permeation of Ketoconazole from Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Trans-Ethosomes Nanoparticles.

Ketoconazole (KET), a synthetic imidazole broad-spectrum antifungal agent, is characterized by its poor aqueous solubility and high molecular weight, which might hamper its corneal permeation. The aim was to develop an ophthalmic formulation loaded with optimized trans-ethosomal vesicles to enhance KET ocular permeation, antifungal activity, rapid drug drainage, and short elimination half-life. Four formulation factors affecting the vesicles' size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and flexibility of the trans-ethosomes formulations were optimized.

The Possible Relationship between the Abuse of Tobacco, Opioid, or Alcohol with COVID-19.

Substance use disorder has been frequently reported to increase the risk of infectious diseases, which might be owing to the sharing of contaminated inhalation, smoking, vaping, or injection equipment. This review analyzes the recent literature with the aim to put in light the possible relationship between the abuse of different substances (Tobacco, opioid, and Alcohol) with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Multiple studies confirmed that cigarette smoking affects the respiratory system by increasing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors, which have a significant association with COVID-19 infection rate and disease severity.