Evaluation of Th17 and Treg cytokines in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

Background And Aim: The Th17/Treg balance in peripheral blood and reproductive tissues may have a role in the etiology of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). In this study, we evaluated the major cytokine of Treg cells transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and their specific transcription factor Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), as well as the most highlighted cytokine of Th17 cells (interleukin [IL]-17A) in both URPL patients and healthy women.

Methods: Samples were extracted from the peripheral blood, endocervix, endometrium, and vagina of 14 patients with URPL and 12 normal non-pregnant women as a control (normal) group.

Flavonoids, the compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, as promising tools in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy: A systematic review of preclinical evidence.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, are diseases resulting in neurological disabilities that are regarded as chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases of central nervous system (CNS). In this respect, the use of anti-inflammatory compounds including flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds abundantly found in vegetables and fruits, has proposed to combat MS to dampen the inflammation and thereby ameliorating the disease severity. The objective of this study was to clarify the probable therapeutic effect of flavonoids for treatment of MS.