The Incidence of Graves' Hyperthyroidism Before and After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination.

Objective: Case reports of postvaccine early-onset Graves' hyperthyroidism (PVGD) after the administration of COVID-19 vaccination have emerged. Our aim was to investigate whether the incidence of Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD) has increased after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: We compared the incidence of new-onset GD at a single academic center during 2 periods: December 2017 to October 2019 and December 2020 to October 2022, ie, before and after the implementation of COVID-19 vaccinations.

Appropriate Use of Telehealth Visits in Endocrinology: Policy Perspective of the Endocrine Society.

Objective: This work aims to guide clinicians practicing endocrinology in the use of telehealth (synchronous patient-clinician visits conducted over video or telephone) for outpatient care.

Participants: The Endocrine Society convened a 9-member panel of US endocrinologists with expertise in telehealth clinical care, telehealth operations, patient-centered care, health care delivery research, and/or evidence-based medicine.

Evidence: The panel conducted a literature search to identify studies published since 2000 about telehealth in endocrinology.

Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

Differentiated thyroid carcinomas is associated with an excellent prognosis. The treatment of choice for differentiated thyroid carcinoma is surgery, followed by radioactive iodine ablation (iodine-131) in select patients and thyroxine therapy in most patients. Surgery is also the main treatment for medullary thyroid carcinoma, and kinase inhibitors may be appropriate for select patients with recurrent or persistent disease that is not resectable.

Patient Perspectives on the Extent of Surgery and Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: To understand patient perspective regarding recommended changes in the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. Specifically, in regard to active surveillance (AS) of some small differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), performance of less extensive surgery for low-risk DTC, and more selective administration of radioactive iodine (RAI).

Methods: An online survey was disseminated to thyroid cancer patient advocacy organizations and members of the ATA to distribute to the patients.

Pathologic Features Associated With Molecular Subtypes of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: To determine the association between pathologic features and molecular classes (BRAF-like, RAS-like, and non-BRAF-like non-RAS-like [NBNR]).

Methods: Retrospective review of a merged database containing 676 patients, 84% (571/676) were assigned to a molecular class from publicly accessible sequenced data of thyroid neoplasms.

Results: The merged cohort included 571 neoplasms: 353 (62%) BRAF-like, 172 (30%) RAS-like, and 46 (8.

Emerging Therapies for Radioactive Iodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer.

The landscape of treatment options for radioactive iodine refractory thyroid cancer is rapidly changing. While there are no curative options in this setting, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the management of radioiodine refractory disease to help delay progression of metastatic and life-threatening disease. Ongoing development of more selective targeted inhibitors will certainly improve medication tolerability and tumor specificity.

Aldosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting With Cardiac Arrest.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that usually is detected as a result of symptoms of hormone excess or mass effect. We describe a rare presentation of ACC with primary aldosterone production leading to profound hypokalemia and cardiac arrest. The patient was previously asymptomatic with low-grade, untreated hypertension and no documented electrolyte abnormalities.

Molecular testing for thyroid nodules: Review and current state.

Thyroid nodules affect nearly two-thirds of the world population. Fine-needle biopsy with cytologic evaluation remains the diagnostic test of choice to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules yet fails to discriminate as benign or malignant in up to one-third of cases. This review discusses the limitation of current cytopathologic evaluation, the development of thyroid molecular testing, and the strengths and limitations of commercially available tests.

Beyond the Condom: Frontiers in Male Contraception.

Nearly half of all pregnancies worldwide are unplanned, despite numerous contraceptive options available. No new contraceptive method has been developed for men since the invention of condom. Nevertheless, more than 25% of contraception worldwide relies on male methods.

Testicular fine-needle aspiration for the assessment of intratesticular hormone concentrations.

Measurement of intratesticular sex steroid concentrations in men informs both the development of male hormonal contraceptives and the understanding of male infertility. Given the challenges of using invasive techniques to measure testicular hormone physiology, our group has used a minimally-invasive fine-needle aspiration technique to measure intratesticular hormones in normal healthy men. Herein, we present a post-hoc analysis of the safety and efficacy of testicular fine-needle aspiration (FNA) completed as part of six clinical trials.

Acceptability of a transdermal gel-based male hormonal contraceptive in a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Fifty percent of pregnancies in the United States are unintended despite numerous contraceptive methods available to women. The only male contraceptive methods, vasectomy and condoms, are used by 10% and 16% of couples, respectively. Prior studies have shown efficacy of male hormonal contraceptives in development, but few have evaluated patient acceptability and potential use if commercially available.

Clinical review: improving the measurement of serum thyroglobulin with mass spectrometry.

Context: Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements are central to the management of patients treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. For decades, Tg measurements have relied on methods that are subject to interference by commonly found substances in human serum and plasma, such as Tg autoantibodies. As a result, many patients need additional imaging studies to rule out cancer persistence or recurrence that could be avoided with more sensitive and specific testing methods.

Serum insulin-like factor 3 is highly correlated with intratesticular testosterone in normal men with acute, experimental gonadotropin deficiency stimulated with low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: To study the potential role for using serum biomarkers, including insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, antimüllerian hormone, and inhibin B, as correlates of intratesticular T (IT-T) concentrations in men.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: University-based medical center.

A new combination of testosterone and nestorone transdermal gels for male hormonal contraception.

Context: Combinations of testosterone (T) and nestorone (NES; a nonandrogenic progestin) transdermal gels may suppress spermatogenesis and prove appealing to men for contraception.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of T gel alone or combined with NES gel in suppressing spermatogenesis.

Design And Setting: This was a randomized, double-blind, comparator clinical trial conducted at two academic medical centers.

Pharmacokinetics of modified slow-release oral testosterone over 9 days in normal men with experimental hypogonadism.

Oral administration of testosterone has potential use for the treatment of hypogonadism. We have recently demonstrated that a novel formulation of oral testosterone transiently normalized serum testosterone in a single-dose pharmacokinetic study. In this report, we present the steady-state pharmacokinetics of this formulation.

Self-detection remains a key method of breast cancer detection for U.S. women.

Purpose: The method by which breast cancer is detected becomes a factor for long-term survival and should be considered in treatment plans. This report describes patient characteristics and time trends for various methods of breast cancer detection in the United States.

Methods: The 2003 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative self-report health survey, included 361 women survivors diagnosed with breast cancer between 1980 and 2003.

Pharmacokinetics of 2 novel formulations of modified-release oral testosterone alone and with finasteride in normal men with experimental hypogonadism.

Oral administration of testosterone might be useful for the treatment of testosterone deficiency. However, current "immediate-release" formulations of oral testosterone exhibit suboptimal pharmacokinetics, with supraphysiologic peaks of testosterone and its metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), immediately after dosing. To dampen these peaks, we have developed 2 novel modified-release formulations of oral testosterone designed to slow absorption from the gut and improve hormone delivery.

Serum LH correlates highly with intratesticular steroid levels in normal men.

Sex steroids are essential for spermatogenesis; however, normal intratesticular concentrations of these hormones in man have not been extensively studied. To improve our understanding of intratesticular hormone concentrations, we performed bilateral testicular aspirations in a group of normal men, determined sex steroid concentrations within each testis, and compared these levels to serum hormone concentrations. Ten healthy human subjects aged 20-49 underwent bilateral testicular aspirations.

Testosterone for low libido in postmenopausal women?

Use of testosterone in older woman with hypoactive sexual-desire disorder (HSDD) is controversial. One concern about existing testosterone therapies for HSDD is the common recommendation to concomitantly administer estradiol because of the known risks of such therapy in postmenopausal women. This large, year-long, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women examined the hypothesis that testosterone alone would be efficacious in improving HSDD.

Treatment of male infertility secondary to morbid obesity.

Background: A 29-year-old man presented to a clinic with infertility and hypogonadism in the setting of morbid obesity. On presentation, he had notable gynecomastia and a low testicular volume. The patient's weight was 154 kg and his height was 168 cm (BMI 54.