Calculated Medicine: Seven Decades of Accelerating Growth.

The field of Calculated Medicine has grown substantially over the last 7 decades. Comprised of objective, evidence-based medical decision tools, Calculated Medicine has broad application in medical practice, medical research, and health care management. This article reviews the history and varied methodologies of Calculated Medicine, starting with the 1953 Apgar score and concluding with a look into modern computational tools of the field: machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, and in silico research techniques.