Insomnia Polygenic Component on Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring this Association Using Genomic Data from Brazilian Families.

 Insomnia is highly prevalent among individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the biological mechanisms shared between both conditions is still elusive. We aimed to investigate whether insomnia's genomic component is able to predict ADHD in childhood and adolescence.

Stress-related genetic components in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Effects of the SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 genetic markers in a family-based brazilian sample.

SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 were recently identified as the main genes associated with plasma cortisol concentration in humans. Although dysregulation in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear. Evaluation of the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 gene cluster in ADHD may provide relevant information to uncover them.

Machine Learning for Prediction of Stable Warfarin Dose in US Latinos and Latin Americans.

Populations used to create warfarin dose prediction algorithms largely lacked participants reporting Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. While previous research suggests nonlinear modeling improves warfarin dose prediction, this research has mainly focused on populations with primarily European ancestry. We compare the accuracy of stable warfarin dose prediction using linear and nonlinear machine learning models in a large cohort enriched for US Latinos and Latin Americans (ULLA).

Remarkably Low KIR and HLA Diversity in Amerindians Reveals Signatures of Strong Purifying Selection Shaping the Centromeric KIR Region.

The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules to regulate the cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of natural killer cells. KIR genes are encoded by a rapidly evolving gene family on chromosome 19 and present an unusual variation of presence and absence of genes and high allelic diversity. Although many studies have associated KIR polymorphism with susceptibility to several diseases over the last decades, the high-resolution allele-level haplotypes have only recently started to be described in populations.

Association between Polygenic Risk Scores for ADHD and Asthma: A Birth Cohort Investigation.

Objective: Shared genetic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the comorbidity between ADHD and asthma. To evaluate their genetic overlap, we relied on data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort to test the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ADHD (ADHD-PRSs) and asthma, and PRSs for asthma (asthma-PRSs) and ADHD.

Method: We analyzed data collected at birth, 2, 22, and 30 years from 3,574 individuals.

Can miRNA Indicate Risk of Illness after Continuous Exposure to ?

The role of regulatory elements such as small ncRNAs and their mechanisms are poorly understood in infectious diseases. Tuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious diseases of humans and it is still a challenge to prevent and treat. Control of the infection, as well as its diagnosis, are still complex and current treatments used are linked to several side effects.

Blood groups in Native Americans: a look beyond ABO and Rh.

The study presents comparisons between blood group frequencies beyond ABO and Rh blood systems in Native American populations and previously published data from Brazilian blood donors. The frequencies of Diego (c.2561C>T, rs2285644), Kell (c.

Sleep-related traits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity: Shared genetic risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and causal effects.

Objectives: To evaluate the shared genetic components, common pathways and causal relationship between ADHD and sleep-related phenotypes.

Methods: We used the largest genome-wide association summary statistics available for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and various sleep-related phenotypes (insomnia, napping, daytime dozing, snoring, ease getting up, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration and chronotype). We estimated the genomic correlation using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) and investigated the potential common mechanisms using gene-based cross-trait metanalyses and functional enrichment analyses.

Host genetics influences the relationship between the gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders.

The gut microbiome is associated with psychiatric disorders; however, the molecular mechanisms mediating this association are poorly understood. The ability of host genetics to modulate the gut microbiome may be an important factor in understanding the association. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of genetic variants associated with the gut microbiome in the susceptibility of individuals to four psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Obesity and ADHD: Exploring the role of body composition, BMI polygenic risk score, and reward system genes.

The association between obesity and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been extensively reported in the literature. However, the potential mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the association between body composition and ADHD and explore the possible genetic mechanisms involved.

Diagnostic prediction model for levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.

Background: There are currently no methods to predict the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. Clinical predictors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been associated to LID in PD.

Objective: To investigate the association of clinical and genetic variables with LID and to develop a diagnostic prediction model for LID in PD.

Identification of environmental and genetic factors that influence warfarin time in therapeutic range.

Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant prescribed to prevent and treat thromboembolic disorders. It has a narrow therapeutic window and must have its effect controlled. Prothrombin test, expressed in INR value, is used for dose management.

, , and polymorphisms association with the response to the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum.

To evaluate the effects of gene polymorphisms in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with prednisone/thalidomide.  A total of 152 patients from different regions of Brazil were included. Generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms and haplotypes on the drug dose variation throughout the treatment.

Assessing causality in the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background/objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence, is associated with obesity in observational studies. However, it is unclear whether ADHD contributes to, results from or is merely correlated with obesity. This study evaluates the presence and direction of a causal effect between ADHD and obesity.

Synergistic effects between ADORA2A and DRD2 genes on anxiety disorders in children with ADHD.

The prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is around 15-40%, three times higher than in the general population. The dopaminergic system, classically associated with ADHD, interacts directly with the adenosinergic system through adenosine A receptors (A) and dopamine D receptors (D) forming A-D heterodimers. Both dopaminergic and adenosinergic systems are implicated in anxiety disorders.

Polymorphisms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Further Evidence Linking Sleep and Circadian Disturbances and ADHD.

Circadian and sleep disorders, short sleep duration, and evening chronotype are often present in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). , considered the master gene in the circadian rhythm, has been explored by few studies. Understanding the relationship between ADHD and may provide additional information to understand the correlation between ADHD and sleep problems.

SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1 and SLCO2B1 polymorphisms influences chloroquine and primaquine treatment in Plasmodium vivax malaria.

Aim: The association of transporters gene polymorphisms with chloroquine/primaquine malaria treatment response was investigated in a Brazilian population.

Patients & Methods: Totally, 164 Plasmodium vivax malaria infected patients were included. Generalized estimating equations were performed to determine gene influences on parasitemia and/or gametocytemia clearance over treatment time.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphisms are associated with Parkinson's disease age at onset.

The role of neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been demonstrated through several different approaches. It was suggested an inflammation-derived oxidative stress and cytokine-dependent toxicity role in the nigrostriatal pathway degeneration and hasten progression of disease. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) gene promoter polymorphisms might alter the expression of this cytokine contributing to the pro- and anti-inflammatory polarization.

The dopamine transporter role in psychiatric phenotypes.

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is one of the most relevant and investigated neurotransmitter transporters. DAT is a plasma membrane protein which plays a homeostatic role, controlling both extracellular and intracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA). Since unbalanced DA levels are known to be involved in numerous mental disorders, a wealth of investigations has provided valuable insights concerning DAT role into normal brain functioning and pathological processes.

Angiogenesis-related genes and thalidomide teratogenesis in humans: an approach on genetic variation and review of past in vitro studies.

Thalidomide embryopathy (TE) has affected more than 10,000 babies worldwide. The hypothesis of antiangiogenesis as the teratogenic mechanism of thalidomide has been investigated in several experimental models; but, in humans, it has only been accessed by in vitro studies. Here, we hypothesized the effect of thalidomide upon angiogenesis-related molecules or proteins, previously identified in human embryonic cells, through the in silico STRING-tool.