Unequal Exposure to Occupational Stress across the Life Course: The Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Gender.

Work, a segregated social context in the United States, may be an important source of differential exposure to stress by race/ethnicity, but existing research does not systematically describe variation in exposure to occupational stress by race/ethnicity. Using work history data from the U.S.

Loneliness Trajectories and Chronic Loneliness Around the World.

Objectives: We examine cross-national variation in (a) loneliness trajectories and (b) the association between common social risk factors and chronic loneliness in middle and older adulthood.

Methods: Using longitudinal data, we assess the country-level prevalence of loneliness trajectories (chronic, transitory, and no loneliness) and the extent of common social risk factors for loneliness (living alone, widowhood, divorce, no grandchildren, having chronic conditions, and never working) among adults 50 and older in 20 countries covering 47% of the global population in this age bracket. Additionally, we compare how the associations between social risk factors and chronic loneliness vary across countries.

Return Migration and Disability by Life Course Stage of Return: Evidence Against the Salmon Bias.

Objectives: Life course theory points to unique characteristics among older immigrants that may differentiate older age return migration from return at younger ages in terms of health. To investigate how the health of returnees may differ by age-at-return, this analysis compares disability between 3 groups of Mexican adults with a history of migration to the United States: those who return to Mexico before age 50, those who return at 50 and older, and those who remain in the United States at age 50 and older.

Methods: Data from two nationally representative data sets, the U.

Life Events and Loneliness Transitions Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Around the World.

Objectives: Adult loneliness is a substantial social problem and a growing point of concern for policymakers around the world. We assess whether the predictors of loneliness onset among middle-aged and older adults vary from country to country in a large array of settings across world regions. Taking a life course perspective, we focus on common life events in our focal age range, including changes in partnership, coresidence, work, and health, and we test whether changes in them have comparable prospective associations with loneliness onset in different countries.

Cognitive Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity: The Role of Occupational Complexity and Occupational Status.

Disparities in older age cognitive health by race/ethnicity persist even after controlling for individual-level indicators of childhood and adult socioeconomic status. High levels of labor market segregation mean that Black and Latino workers, on average, may not have the same exposure to jobs involving complex work with data and people as their White counterparts, aspects of work that appear to be protective of older adult cognition. However, the role of variation in exposure to occupational complexity by race/ethnicity remains understudied as an explanation for cognitive disparities at older ages.

The Care Gap in Later Life Across European Countries.

Objectives: Do adults without kin experience a care gap where they need help with activities of daily living but get no help from any source? We examine the prevalence of the care gap across Europe, and test whether those without partners or children substitute for their lack of close kin with help from broader networks, or whether they disproportionately experience care gaps.

Methods: Using data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we estimate the care gap in 28 European countries and Israel, how it varies, and who provides help for respondents with different family structures.

Results: The care gap is substantial, with 6.

The Role of Place of Birth and Residence in Puerto Rican Health Disparities: Evidence From Disability Prevalence Among Archipelago- Vs. Mainland-Born Puerto Ricans.

This paper provides new estimates of disability prevalence for the archipelago and mainland-residing Puerto Rican populations ages 40 and above and compares disability by place of birth and place of residence to investigate drivers of middle and older age health. Large nationally representative samples from 2013 to 2017 American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey data are used to estimate age-specific disability prevalence for archipelago-born/archipelago-residing, archipelago-born/mainland-residing, mainland-born/mainland-residing Puerto Ricans. Mainland-born/mainland-residing Puerto Ricans have the lowest age-adjusted disability rates and archipelago-born/archipelago-residing Puerto Ricans have the highest rates.

Immigrant Wealth Stratification and Return Migration: The Case of Mexican Immigrants in the United States During the Twentieth Century.

Considerable wealth stratification exists between U.S.-born and foreign-born populations (Campbell and Kaufman 2006), with low wealth attainment documented among Mexican immigrants (Hao 2007).