The Association of Life Events Outside the Workplace and Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study on Nursing Assistants.

Background: Burnout, by definition, is related to adverse chronic workplace stressors. Life events outside the workplace have been associated with an increased risk of psychiatric morbidity. However, it is unknown whether life events outside the workplace increase the severity of burnout.

Prevalence of cognitive impairment in HIV patients: vertical and horizontal transmission.

Unlabelled: Antiretroviral treatment has significantly increased the survival of patients infected with HIV-1. However, with increased survival, cognitive changes associated with HIV are frequently observed in this population. The clinical manifestations of HIV changes can vary as a result of several aspects, including the virus transmission route.

Cognitive assessment in patients with Hepatitis C submitted to treatment with Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir or Daclatasvir.

Background: Hepatitis C can be defined as an infectious disease that develops an inflammatory activity, which may cause an impairment in the central nervous system, may cause cognitive impairments and symptoms of depression.

Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the cognitive performance of patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after treatment with simeprevir, sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out in three stages: before, right after treatment, and six months after.

The Influence of Depression on the Psychometric Properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey: A Cross-Sectional Study With Nursing Assistants.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) is the most commonly used instrument to assess burnout. Although various factors have been reported to influence its validity, the influence of major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been previously considered. We developed this study to investigate the influence of MDD on the psychometric properties of the MBI-HSS in nursing assistants.

Neuropsychological Assessment of 412 HIV-Infected Individuals in São Paulo, Brazil.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain frequent even among individuals receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). In addition, HAND may adversely affect the quality of life and adherence to cART. There is scarce epidemiological information about HAND in Latin America.

Impact of sociodemographic variables on executive functions.

Unlabelled: Executive functions (EFs) regulate human behavior and allow individuals to interact and act in the world. EFs are sensitive to sociodemographic variables such as age, which promotes their decline, and to others that can exert a neuroprotective effect.

Objective: To assess the predictive role of education, occupation and family income on decline in executive functions among a sample with a wide age range.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Post-Concussion Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) represents 70-80% of all treated brain injuries. A considerable proportion of MTBI patients experience post-concussion symptoms for a prolonged period after MTBI, and these symptoms are diagnosed as persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS). PPCS is defined as a range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms.

Presence of eating disorders and its relationship to anxiety and depression in pregnant women.

Background: women who have inadequate nutrient intake are more likely to develop a risky pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of eating disorders and its association with anxiety and depression symptomatology in high-risk pregnancies.

Methods: this is a cross-sectional and prospective study conducted at the tertiary university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

The influence of depression on personality traits in patients with fibromyalgia: a case-control study.

Objectives: We developed this study to investigate the association of fibromyalgia with personality traits, controlling for depression and other potential confounders.

Methods: We assessed personality traits using the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 78 female patients with fibromyalgia and in a control group of 78 subjects without fibromyalgia. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess depression and anxiety diagnoses.

Visuospatial memory improvement in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI): a 1-year follow-up study.

Objective: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is prevalent in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is often associated with poor outcomes and cognitive impairment, including memory deficits. Few studies have explored visual memory after TBI and its relationship to executive functioning. Executive functioning is crucial for remembering an object's location, operating devices, driving, and route finding.

Updates and Current Perspectives of Psychiatric Assessments after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders represent a major concern and cause of disabilities after the trauma, contributing to worse recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the lack of well-defined parameters to evaluate patient's psychiatric disorders leads to a wide range of diagnoses and symptoms. The aim of this study was to perform a review of literature in order to gather data of the most common scales and inventories used to assess and diagnose depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after TBI.

Pica and Eating Attitudes: A Study of High-Risk Pregnancies.

Objective: To describe and determine the association between the occurrence of pica and eating attitudes in women with high-risk pregnancies and to determine the prevalence of pica during pregnancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective 24-month study was conducted with 913 women with high-risk pregnancies. Structured interviews were carried out and the Eating Attitudes Test was applied.

Perceptual organization deficits in traumatic brain injury patients.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition and there is limited visual perception research with this population. Here, we investigated perceptual organization changes in a rather homogeneous sample of closed head TBI outpatients with diffuse axonal injury only and no other known comorbidities. Patients had normal or corrected visual acuity.

The association of post-stroke anhedonia with salivary cortisol levels and stroke lesion in hippocampal/parahippocampal region.

Background: Anhedonia constitutes a coherent construct, with neural correlates and negative clinical impact, independent of depression. However, little is known about the neural correlates of anhedonia in stroke patients. In this study, we investigated the association of post-stroke anhedonia with salivary cortisol levels and stroke location and volume.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and psychoanalytical treatment: results.

Background: the occurrence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) is estimated to be between 2 to 33 cases in every 100,000 inhabitants. The number of patients with PNES reaches 19% of those treated as epileptics. Patients with PNES are treated as if they had intractable epilepsy, with unsatisfactory results even after medication treatment is used to its maximum.

The influence of depressive symptoms on quality of life after stroke: a prospective study.

Background: Poststroke depressive symptoms have prospectively predicted impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, it is not known whether such predictive effect is independent of HRQOL at 1 month after stroke. This study aimed to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms at 1 and 3 months after stroke on the 3-month poststroke HRQOL and to investigate the influence of the HRQOL measured at 1 month after stroke on these relationships.

Improvement of verbal fluency in patients with diffuse brain injury over time.

Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), a common cause of neurological sequelae in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), is considered one of the most prevalent forms of primary neuronal injury in patients with severe TBI. Cognitive deficits induced by DAI can persist over time, especially following moderate or severe injuries. The aim of the present study was to compare verbal fluency (VF) performance at 6 and 12 months after the trauma in a same group of patients with DAI.

Executive function and depressive symptoms of retardation in nonelderly stroke patients.

The depression-executive dysfunction syndrome, a late-onset depression of vascular origin with executive dysfunction and psychomotor retardation, has also been described after stroke. We verified whether this syndrome also occurs in nonelderly stroke patients by investigating the association between domains of depressive symptoms with executive functions in 87 first-ever ischemic stroke patients. The retardation domain of the 31-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was associated with decreased performance on verbal fluency (assessed with FAS).

Performance of an adult Brazilian sample on the Trail Making Test and Stroop Test.

Objective: The Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Test (ST) are attention tests widely used in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the adult Brazilian population and to study the influence of gender, age and education on the TMT parts A and B, and ST cards A, B and C.

Methods: We recruited 1447 healthy subjects aged ≥18 years with an educational level of 0-25 years who were native speakers of Portuguese (Brazilian).

[Preference in the process of parturition: a comparison between primiparous and nulliparous women].

Purpose: It was to describe and compare the preference of nulliparous and primiparous women for a particular mode of delivery and to determine whether the previous experience of childbirth influences the delivery process.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study. One-hundred interviews were held with 56 nulliparous and 44 primiparous women using previously prepared questionnaires.

The self-rated Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for screening prenatal depression.

Objective: To examine whether the self-reported version of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR), which is used for major depression, is a reliable tool for screening and assessment of prenatal depression.

Methods: Between June 2006 and July 2008, pregnant women attending a teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, completed the Portuguese version of the IDS-SR. Trained psychologists diagnosed depression via the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders questionnaire, which is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV.

Twin pregnancies: evaluation of major depression, stress, and social support.

Background: Twin pregnancies are at increased physiological and psychosocial risks.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of major depression in twin pregnancies and correlate with stress and social support.

Method: The study included 51 pregnant women under specialized prenatal care who were evaluated by a Portuguese version of the semi-structured questionnaire Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) for Major Depression, and the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP) for evaluation of stress and social support.

[Abortion in women living in the outskirts of São Paulo: experience and socioeconomic aspects].

Purpose: To compare and analyze socioeconomic aspects and the emotional experience of women with spontaneous or induced abortion and in women living in the outskirts of São Paulo.

Methods: A prospective case-control study carried out from July 2008 to March 2010, involving semi-structured interviews with women who presented a previous diagnosis of abortion and who had been admitted to two public hospitals in the outskirts of São Paulo. The study included 100 women with diagnosis of abortion and were hospitalized for curettage.

Association among depression, cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction after stroke.

Unlabelled: The relationship between depression and cognitive impairment, frequent after stroke, is complex and has not been sufficiently elucidated.

Objective: To review the relationship between post-stroke depression and cognitive impairment.

Methods: We performed a PubMed database search spanning the last ten years, using the terms post-stroke depression, cognitive dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neuropsychological tests.