Potential Effects of Bioactive Compounds of Plant-Based Foods and Medicinal Plants in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis: A Systematic Review.

Background: The bioactive components of plant foods and medicinal plants have attracted interest due to their potential impact on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a critical and quantitative systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the potential effects of selected phytochemicals from plant-based foods and medicinal plants in CKD and dialysis patients.

Methods: The review included studies that related plant-based bioactive compounds (curcumin, propolis, sulforaphane, betalain, catechins, rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, flavonoids, and triptolide) and medicinal plants (green tea, rhubarb, , and Hook F) in CKD and dialysis patients.

Clinical Significance of Nutritional Status, Inflammation, and Body Composition in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients-A Case-Control Study.

Nutritional and inflammatory disorders are factors that increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes and mortality in elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to examine nutritional and inflammation status as well as body composition in older adults on HD compared to matched controls. A case-control study was conducted on 168 older participants (84 HD patients (cases) and 84 controls) age- and sex-matched.

Comorbidity and nutritional status in adult with advanced chronic kidney disease influence the decision-making choice of renal replacement therapy modality: A retrospective 5-year study.

Background: Nutritional and inflammation status are significant predictors of morbidity and mortality risk in advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD). To date, there are a limited number of clinical studies on the influence of nutritional status in ACKD stages 4-5 on the choice of renal replacement therapy (RRT) modality.

Aim: This study aimed to examine relationships between comorbidity and nutritional and inflammatory status and the decision-making on the choice of RRT modalities in adults with ACKD.

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes, Determinants and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study.

The multiple roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in growth and general health are well documented. However, available intake data for the Spanish population are limited and lack gender and age considerations. Therefore, our goal was to assess dietary intake adequacy of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA, their determinants and their major food sources among the Spanish population.

Hearing Function and Nutritional Status in Aviation Pilots from Spain Exposed to High Acoustic Damage.

Noise-induced hearing loss is the most frequent and preventable occupational disease. Aviation pilots are a vulnerable population, as they spend many hours exposed to noise pollution in their working environment. Different studies suggest that certain dietary compounds may play a key role in the etiology and prevention of this pathology.

Nutritional Predictors of Mortality after 10 Years of Follow-Up in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at a Multidisciplinary Unit of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Nutritional monitoring in advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD) units provides personalized care and improves clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify mortality risk factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on nutritional follow-up in the multidisciplinary ACKD unit. A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 307 CKD patients’ stage 3b, 4−5 followed-up for 10 years.

Nutritional Status, Body Composition, and Inflammation Profile in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4-5: A Case-Control Study.

Nutritional status is a predictor of adverse outcomes and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD). This study aimed to explore and evaluate risk factors related to nutritional status, body composition, and inflammatory profile in patients with ACKD compared with age- and sex-matched controls in a Mediterranean cohort of the Spanish population. Out of 200 volunteers recruited, 150 participants (64%) were included, and a case-control study was conducted on 75 ACKD patients (stages 4−5), matched individually with controls at a ratio of 1:1 for both age and sex.

A Descriptive Analysis of Macronutrient, Fatty Acid Profile, and Some Immunomodulatory Nutrients in Standard and Disease-Specific Enteral Formulae in Europe.

Foods for special medical purposes (FSMPs) are commercially available formulations used as a source of nutrition when administered orally or by tube feeding. This study examines, for the first time, the nutritional composition of enteral formulae (EFs) according to European nutritional guidelines. We developed a descriptive study on 118 EFs from 2020 to 2021.

Iron Supplementation at the Crossroads of Nutrition and Gut Microbiota: The State of the Art.

Gut microbiota has received significant attention owing to its decisive role in human health and disease. Diet exerts a significant influence on the variety and number of bacteria residing in the intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, as iron is a key micronutrient for blood formation and oxygen supply, its deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide.

The Extracellular Mass to Body Cell Mass Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality Risk in Hemodialysis Patients.

The extracellular mass/body cell mass ratio (ECM/BCM ratio) is a novel indicator of nutritional and hydration status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to explore the ECM/BCM ratio as a predictor of mortality risk with nutritional-inflammatory markers in HD patients. A prospective observational study was conducted in 90 HD patients (male: 52.

Nutritional interventions in older people with COVID-19: an overview of the evidence.

Older people are a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of a range of factors, including age-related changes in anatomical pulmonary and muscle function, decreased immunity and increased inflammation. These factors partly explain why older people with COVID-19 experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality than younger adults and are more likely to require nutritional support. Furthermore, there is an association between suboptimal nutritional status and poorer recovery from COVID-19.

Effects of Supplementation with Folic Acid and Its Combinations with Other Nutrients on Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, among other cognitive dysfunctions, has been recognized as a major public health problem. Folic acid is a well-known essential nutrient whose deficiency has been linked to neurocognitive dysfunctions, owing to hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, including cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and vascular dementia. However, to date, there is certain controversy about the efficacy of vitamin supplementation in patients with these pathologies.

Effect of oral administration of docohexanoic acid on anemia and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Docohexanoic acid (DHA), a dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid omega-3 (n-3, PUFA), showed potential beneficial effects in reducing all-cause mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This randomized trial aimed to analyze whether DHA supplementation was a modulator of erythropoietin (EPO) response and inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods: In this controlled clinical trial, 52 HD patients were randomized to either DHA supplementation (650 mg DHA/3 times/wk/post-HD session) or controls (usual care), with 8-weeks of follow-up.

Assessing gastro-intestinal related quality of life in cystic fibrosis: Validation of PedsQL GI in children and their parents.

Background: Most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from pancreatic insufficiency, leading to fat malabsorption, malnutrition and abdominal discomfort. Until recently, no specific tool was available for assessing gastro-intestinal related quality of life (GI QOL) in patients with CF. As the Horizon2020 project MyCyFAPP aims to improve GI QOL by using a newly designed mobile application, a sensitive and reliable outcome measure was needed.

Extracellular mass to body cell mass ratio as a potential index of wasting and fluid overload in hemodialysis patients. A case-control study.

Background & Aims: Extracellular mass-to-body cell mass ratio (ECM/BCM ratio) which differentiates the proportion between intraextracellular compartments, could be a nutrition index of being wasted overloaded in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to describe a cut-off point of the ECM/BCM ratio and, to find out the relationship between the nutritional-hydration status and this ratio in HD patients.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out in 64 HD patients individually age-gender-matched to controls.

The Relative Contribution of Food Groups to Macronutrient Intake in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A European Multicenter Assessment.

Background: Optimal nutrition for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) improves prognosis and survival, but an increased caloric intake recommendation for this population raises concerns about the nutrient profile of their diets.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the relative contribution of food groups to the total macronutrient intake of European pediatric patients with CF.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study in which the participants recorded dietary intake from 2016 to 2017.

Clinical validation of an evidence-based method to adjust Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy through a prospective interventional study in paediatric patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: A method to adjust Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis is not currently available.

Objectives: To assess the in vivo efficacy of a method to adjust the dose of enzymatic supplement in CF extrapolated from previous in vitro digestion studies (theoretical optimal dose, TOD). Secondly, to assess how individual patient characteristics influence the expected coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) and thus to identify an individual correction factor to improve TOD.

Nutritional status, nutrient intake and use of enzyme supplements in paediatric patients with Cystic Fibrosis; a European multicentre study with reference to current guidelines.

Background: The New European guidelines have established the most updated recommendations on nutrition and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in CF. In the context of MyCyFAPP project - a European study in children with CF aimed at developing specific tools for improvement of self-management - the objective of the current study was to assess nutritional status, daily energy and macronutrient intake, and PERT dosing with reference to these new guidelines.

Methods: Cross sectional study in paediatric patients with CF from 6 European centres.

Usefulness of the conicity index together with the conjoint use of adipocytokines and nutritional-inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients.

Abdominal fat has been recognized as the most hormonally active tissue secreting a variety of adipocytokines and, therefore, potentially contributing to inflammation. The conicity index (C) has been considered a valuable indicator of central obesity. This study aims to relate plasma concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) with C values in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

IMPACT OF IMPROVED FAT-MEAT PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION ON ANTHROPOMETRIC MARKERS AND NUTRIENT INTAKES OF MALE VOLUNTEERS AT INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK.

Introduction: meat products have been recognized to be adequate matrix for incorporating functional ingredients. The impact of meat products formulated by replacing animal fat with a combination of olive, linseed and fish oils on energy and nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements were tested in a non-randomized-controlled- sequential study.

Methods: eighteen male volunteers at high-CVD risk consumed weekly 200 g frankfurters and 250 g pâtés during three 4-wk periods (reduced fat (RF); n3-enriched- RF (n-3RF), and normal fat (NF)), separated by 4-wk washout.

A clinical approach to the nutritional care process in protein-energy wasting hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Malnutrition/wasting/cachexia are complex-disease conditions that frequently remain undiagnosed and/or untreated in up to 75% of prevalent hemodialysis (HD) patients. The nutrition care process (NCP) based on assessment, diagnosis, intervention and monitoring of nutritional status is a systematic method that nutrition professionals use to make decisions in clinical practice.

Objective: This review examines from a clinical-nutritional practice point of view: a) nutritional status as a mortality causative factor; b) phenotypic characteristics of malnutrition/wasting/cachexia, and c) current trends of NCP with special emphasis on nutritional support and novel nutrient and pharmacologic adjunctive therapies in HD patients.

Conicity index as a contributor marker of inflammation in haemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Abdominal fat mass is an important risk factor of inflammation in the general population as it is in haemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of adiposity using the conicity index (Ci) with nutritional-inflammatory markers and to analyse whether these factors were related with the clinical outcome in HD patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in 80 HD patients (men, 65%; aged 68.

[Nuts, cardio and cerebrovascular risks. A Spanish perspective].

Nuts have been included in human diets for ages. They are very appreciated and used as a central component of sweets and desserts. However, during the last decades, scientific interest in those foods has increased enormously as many epidemiologic studies show protective effects of nut consumption on coronary heart disease in different population groups.