AltGosling: automatic generation of text descriptions for accessible genomics data visualization.

Motivation: Biomedical visualizations are key to accessing biomedical knowledge and detecting new patterns in large datasets. Interactive visualizations are essential for biomedical data scientists and are omnipresent in data analysis software and data portals. Without appropriate descriptions, these visualizations are not accessible to all people with blindness and low vision, who often rely on screen reader accessibility technologies to access visual information on digital devices.

Targeted Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Rescues Metabolic Dysregulation of Diet-induced Obesity in Female Mice.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-secreted protein widely recognized as a critical regulator of skeletal and mineral metabolism. However, little is known about the nonskeletal production of FGF23 and its role in tissues other than bone. Growing evidence indicates that circulating FGF23 levels rise with a high-fat diet (HFD) and they are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) in humans.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prevent presymptomatic capillary flow disturbances in a model of cerebral amyloidosis.

Introduction: Disturbances in microvascular flow dynamics are hypothesized to precede the symptomatic phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, evidence in presymptomatic AD remains elusive, underscoring the need for therapies targeting these early vascular changes.

Methods: We employed a multimodal approach, combining in vivo optical imaging, molecular techniques, and ex vivo MRI, to investigate early capillary dysfunction in Tg-SwDI mice without memory impairment.

The Australasian Registry for Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (AUS-SCAR) - Providing a roadmap for closing the diagnostic, patient, and healthcare gaps for a group of rare drug eruptions.

Background: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are a group of delayed presumed T-cell mediated hypersensitivities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite their shared global healthcare burden and impact, the clinical phenotypes, genomic predisposition, drug causality, and treatment outcomes may vary. We describe the establishment and results from the first Australasian registry for SCAR (AUS-SCAR), that via a collaborative network advances strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of SCAR.

Unraveling cysteine deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Forty percent of the US population and 1 in 6 individuals worldwide are obese, and the incidence of this disease is surging globally. Various dietary interventions, including carbohydrate and fat restriction, and more recently amino acid restriction, have been explored to combat this epidemic. We sought to investigate the impact of removing individual amino acids on the weight profiles of mice.

Are Selenides the Same as Sulfides? Structure, Spectroscopy, and Properties of Narrow-Gap Rare-Earth Semiconductors Sn(SSe) ( = La, Ce; = 0-0.8).

The ternary rare-earth sulfides SnS ( = La-Nd) and the partial solid solutions Sn(SSe) ( = La, Ce; = 0-0.8) were prepared in the form of polycrystalline samples by reaction of the elements at 900 °C and as single crystals in the presence of KBr flux. They adopt the LaSnS-type structure (orthorhombic, space group , = 2) consisting of chains of edge-sharing Sn octahedra separated by atoms.

Amino-modified upcycled biochar achieves selective chromium removal in complex aqueous matrices.

Chromium pollution of groundwater sources is a growing global issue, which correlates with various anthropogenic activities. Remediation of both the Cr(VI) and Cr(III), via adsorption technologies, has been championed in recent years due to ease of use, minimal energy requirements, and the potential to serve as a highly sustainable remediation technology. In the present study, a biochar sorbent sourced from pineapple skins, allowed for the upcycling of agricultural waste into water purification technology.

Laser and Light-Based Therapies for Hirsutism Management in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Hirsutism represents a significant concern for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with deleterious psychological effects warranting acknowledgment and a clear imperative to provide effective management. To our knowledge, this is the first review to exclusively examine the effectiveness of laser and light-based therapies in addressing hirsutism in women with PCOS.

Objective: To synthesize the existing literature regarding the effectiveness of laser and light hair reduction therapies, either as stand-alone treatments or in combination with systemic agents, in treating hirsutism for women with PCOS.

Ahead by a Century: Discovery of Laves Phases Assisted by Machine Learning.

Laves phases form the most abundant group of intermetallic compounds, consisting of combinations of larger electropositive metals with smaller metals . Many practical applications of Laves phases depend on the ability to tune their physical properties through appropriate substitution of either the or component. Although simple geometrical and electronic factors have long been thought to control the formation of Laves phases, no single factor alone can make predictions accurately.

Crushing the Contents of Valbenazine Capsules for Potential Addition to Soft Foods or Administration via Gastrostomy Tube.

Purpose: One-capsule, once-daily valbenazine is approved for tardive dyskinesia and under evaluation for chorea associated with Huntington's disease, conditions in which patients often experience dysphagia. In vitro studies were conducted to assess the suitability of crushing the contents of valbenazine capsules (40 and 80 mg) for mixing with soft foods or liquids or administration via a gastrostomy tube (G-tube).

Methods: In study 1, the dissolution of whole valbenazine capsules and crushed capsule contents were measured serially for 1 hour.

Mechanochemistry in Sodium Thioantimonate Solid Electrolytes: Effects on Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemical Performance.

Sodium thioantimonate (NaSbS) and its W-substituted analogue NaSbWS have been identified as potential electrolyte materials for all-solid-state sodium batteries due to their high Na conductivity. Ball milling mechanochemistry is a frequently employed synthetic approach to produce such Na-conductive solid solutions; however, changes in the structure and morphology introduced in these systems via the mechanochemistry process are poorly understood. Herein, we combined X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy characterization techniques to provide an in-depth analysis of these solid electrolytes.

Interpretable Machine Learning in Solid-State Chemistry, with Applications to Perovskites, Spinels, and Rare-Earth Intermetallics: Finding Descriptors Using Decision Trees.

Machine-learning methods have exciting potential to aid materials discovery, but their wider adoption can be hindered by the opaqueness of many models. Even if these models are accurate, the inability to understand the basis for the predictions breeds skepticism. Thus, it is imperative to develop machine-learning models that are explainable and interpretable so that researchers can judge for themselves if the predictions are consistent with their own scientific understanding and chemical insight.

Benralizumab: A novel treatment for the cutaneous features of paediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (pEGPA).

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic vasculitis presenting primarily with pulmonary and cutaneous features. The disease is typically seen in the fifth or sixth decade of life (1, 2). We report a case of EGPA in an adolescent who was successfully treated with the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor inhibitor, benralizumab.

FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce amyloid β pathology and improve cognition, by ameliorating cerebrovascular health and glial fitness.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular pathology is an early and causal hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in need of effective therapies.

Methods: Based on the success of our previous in vitro studies, we tested for the first time in a model of AD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) methazolamide and acetazolamide, Food and Drug Administration-approved against glaucoma and high-altitude sickness.

Results: Both CAIs reduced cerebral, vascular, and glial amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and caspase activation, diminished gliosis, and ameliorated cognition in TgSwDI mice.

An in vivo neuroimmune organoid model to study human microglia phenotypes.

Microglia are specialized brain-resident macrophages that play crucial roles in brain development, homeostasis, and disease. However, until now, the ability to model interactions between the human brain environment and microglia has been severely limited. To overcome these limitations, we developed an in vivo xenotransplantation approach that allows us to study functionally mature human microglia (hMGs) that operate within a physiologically relevant, vascularized immunocompetent human brain organoid (iHBO) model.

Structure and Optical Properties of LiAgGaSe and LiAgInSe.

Complete substitution of Li atoms for Ag atoms in AgGaSe and AgInSe was achieved, resulting in the solid solutions LiAgGaSe and LiAgInSe. The detailed crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which confirm that Li atoms occupy unique sites and disorder only with Ag atoms. The tetragonal CuFeS-type structure (space group 4̅2) was retained within the entirety of the Ga-containing solid solution LiAgGaSe, which is noteworthy because the end-member LiGaSe normally adopts the orthorhombic β-NaFeO-type structure (space group 2).

Effect of aliovalent bismuth substitution on structure and optical properties of CsSnBr.

Aliovalent substitution of the B component in ABX metal halides has often been proposed to modify the band gap and thus the photovoltaic properties, but details about the resulting structure have remained largely unknown. Here, we examine these effects in Bi-substituted CsSnBr. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state Sn, Cs and Bi nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were carried out to infer how Bi substitution changes the structure of these compounds.

The centre cannot hold.

Craig [ (2022), C, 470–480] report on the synthesis of the quaternary sulfide LiCdGeS, which is remarkable in several respects.

Mercurial possibilities: determining site distributions in CuHgSnS using Cu, Sn, and Hg solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

Chalcogenides are an important class of materials that exhibit tailorable optoelectronic properties accessible through chemical modification. For example, the minerals kesterite, stannite, and velikite (CuSnS, where = Zn, Cd, or Hg, respectively) are a series of Group 12 transition metal tin sulfides that readily exhibit optical bandgaps spanning the Shockley-Queisser limit; however, achieving consensus on their structure (space group 4̄ 4̄2) has been difficult. This study explores the average long-range and local structure of CuHgSnS and evaluates the parallels of = Zn and Cd sister compounds using complementary X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

LaGaSeO: A Rare-Earth Oxyselenide Built from One-Dimensional Strips.

The oxyselenide LaGaSeO was obtained by reaction in NaCl flux. Its monoclinic crystal structure (space group /, = 21.2832(13) Å, = 11.

Evidence For Cannabidiol Modulation of Serotonergic Transmission in a Model of Osteoarthritis via PET Imaging and Behavioral Assessment.

Background: Preclinical studies indicate that cannabidiol (CBD), the primary nonaddictive component of cannabis, has a wide range of reported pharmacological effects such as analgesic and anxiolytic actions; however, the exact mechanisms of action for these effects have not been examined in chronic osteoarthritis (OA). Similar to other chronic pain syndromes, OA pain can have a significant affective component characterized by mood changes. Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter implicated in pain, depression, and anxiety.