Sedation and anesthesia for imaging of the infant and neonate-a brief review.

Sedation and anesthesia are often required in order to facilitate collection of high-quality imaging studies free of significant motion artifact for infants and neonates. Provision of safe sedation and anesthesia requires good communication between the ordering provider, radiologist, and anesthesiologist, careful pre-procedural evaluation of the patient, and availability of appropriate and sufficient equipment, drugs, personnel, and facilities. There are many additional factors to be considered for provision of safe sedation or anesthesia for infants and neonates-it is ideal to involve a fellowship-trained pediatric anesthesiologist in the planning and carry-out of these plans.

Factors Affecting Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Placement During Pediatric Trauma Resuscitation.

Introduction: Intravenous access is required for resuscitation of injured patients but may be delayed in children because of challenges associated with peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter placement. Early identification of factors predisposing patients to difficult PIV placement can assist in deciding strategies for timely intravenous access.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, video-based review of injured children and adolescents treated between April 2018 and May 2019.

Understanding Digital Checklist Use Through Team Communication.

Introducing technology support in a complex, team-based work setting requires a study of teamwork effects on technology use. In this paper, we present our initial analysis of team communications in a trauma resuscitation setting, where we deployed a digital checklist to support trauma team leaders in guiding patient care. By analyzing speech transcripts, checklist interaction logs, and videos of 15 resuscitations, we identified several tensions that arose from the use of a checklist in a team-based process with multi-step tasks.

Inadequate Accessibility: Why Uber Should Be a Public Accommodation Under the Americans With Disabilities Act.

This Comment will focus on Uber and its obligations under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). While it may seem logical that Uber should adhere to the same ADA regulations as taxis, the relevant ADA provision only applies to private entities that are primarily engaged in the business of transporting people. To avoid these regulations, Uber asserts that it is primarily a technology company, rather than primarily a transportation company.

A rare case of subcutaneous fusariosis in an immunocompetent patient.

Fusarium species can cause diseases in immunocompromised patients, whereas have rarely been reported as pathogens in immunocompetent individuals. Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani species complex are the most frequent pathogenic species.

Adnexal polyp in a newborn baby.

Birthmarks can frequently be seen in newborn babies, but their etiopathogenesis is often unclear. These lesions can be divided into three groups: vascular birthmarks, pigmented birthmarks, and birthmarks resulting in abnormal development. Some birthmarks may require further analysis and clinical follow-up in order to rule out underlying defects, malignant potential, or correlation with syndromic diseases.

Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization for Mental Health-Related Visits.

Objective: To describe trends in utilization of pediatric emergency department (PED) resources by patients with mental health concerns over the past 11 [corrected] years at a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of tertiary PED visits from 2002 [corrected] to 2012. All visits with chief complaint or discharge diagnosis related to mental health were included.

Tinea capitis in the paediatric population in Milan, Italy: the emergence of Trichophyton violaceum.

Tinea capitis (TC) is the most common type of dermatophytosis in children. The epidemiology of TC depends on the geographical areas, and it changes over time. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence of TC and to identify the causative species in children observed at Dermatology Outpatient Department of the University of Milan, Italy, between January 2004 and December 2011.

Comma hairs in tinea capitis: a useful dermatoscopic sign for diagnosis of tinea capitis.

Diagnosis of tinea capitis (TC) can be challenging for dermatologists, especially in noninflammatory TC caused by anthropophilic dermatophytes and in black patients, in whom erythema of the scalp is difficult to appreciate. The finding of a typical TC dermoscopic pattern may lead more quickly to a correct diagnosis.

Tinea corporis due to Trichophyton rubrum in a woman and Tinea capitis in her 15-day-old baby: molecular evidence of vertical transmission.

We report a case of a 40-year-old Caucasian woman who came under our observation with a 7-year history of a chronic erythematous scaly dermatitis, diagnosed as psoriasis, involving gluteal area and thighs, and treated with topical steroids without benefit. During pregnancy, a progressive worsening of her condition and an extension of cutaneous lesions were observed. Her newborn, a 15-day-old girl, presented a similar scaly and squamous lesion on her scalp.

Characterization of the aldol condensation activity of the trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (tHBP-HA) cloned from Pseudomonas fluorescens N3.

The gene encoding trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (tHBP-HA) was isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens N3, an environmental strain able to degrade naphthalene. This enzyme is an aldolase of class I that reversibly catalyzes the transformation of the trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate (t-HBP), releasing pyruvate and salicylaldehyde. The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein of 38kDa with a His6-Tag at its N-terminus.

Modification of invasion and differentiation in human melanoma cell clones.

In an attempt to define the role of plasminogen activator in invasiveness and differentiation of human melanoma cells, the modulation of these parameters was studied in two melanoma clones characterized by marked differences in their basal features, using 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and retinoic acid, two differentiation inducers, and doxorubicin, a cytotoxic agent. TPA induced only slight reductions, whereas retinoic acid and doxorubicin caused an increase in invasiveness, enzymatic activity and differentiation in the clone showing low invasivity, low urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels and high differentiation. In contrast, in the clone showing high invasivity, high urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels and low differentiation it was found that: TPA was ineffective; retinoic acid induced a reduction of plasminogen activator but no modifications of invasiveness and differentiation; doxorubicin caused a decrease in invasiveness and plasminogen activator activity but no modification of morphological features.

Effect of protein kinase C inhibitors on invasiveness of human melanoma clones expressing different levels of protein kinase C isoenzymes.

The involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the mechanism of chemotaxis and invasiveness of human melanoma has been studied in 6 clones of 665/2 cell line characterized by a different integrin profile, differentiation grade and in vitro invasive ability. The levels of total protein kinase C activity revealed a direct correlation with the chemotactic and invasive ability of these clones. Protein kinase C inhibitors, sphingosine and staurosporine, reduced chemotaxis and invasiveness of the highly invasive clone 2/60, while 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) was ineffective.

Biological and enzymatic features of human melanoma clones with different invasive potential.

Cell clones derived from a human melanoma metastasis selected for different integrin profiles were examined in vitro for invasive potential and biological and biochemical features potentially related to this process. Clones which expressed high levels of integrins showed high invasive potential, extracellular matrix degradation, and adhesion to gelatin-coated substrates. A correlation was also found between invasiveness and intracellular and extracellular plasminogen activator activity.

Heterogeneity and phenotypic instability of chemotherapeutic and immunologic sensitivity in murine and human melanoma cell clones.

The aim of the present study was to examine the phenotypic heterogeneity of murine and human melanoma cell lines with particular reference to anticancer drug sensitivity, growth pattern and susceptibility to lysis by lymphokine (rIL2) activated killer (LAK cells). Clones selected for a different drug sensitivity were tested to evaluate the stability of such properties after different in vitro passages. A possible relationship between drug sensitivity and LAK susceptibility was also analyzed.