Deep eutectic solvent (TMAH·5HO/Urea) with low viscosity for cellulose dissolution at room temperature.

A deep eutectic solvent (DES) formulated with tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate /urea (TMAH·5HO/Urea) was designed for the first time to dissolve cellulose at room temperature. The optimized system, characterized by a 1:3 M ratio, demonstrates the capability to dissolve approximately 7.5 wt% cellulose, boasting a high degree of polymerization (DP = 526).

Chicken cecal microRNAs in the response to Campylobacter jejuni inoculation by Solexa sequencing.

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of major foodborne pathogen that cause human diarrhea by consuming C. jejuni contaminated chicken products.

Cerebral tumefactive demyelinating lesions.

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs), are a rare demyelinating pathological disease in the central neurological system, which have been proven to be a diagnostic dilemma to neurosurgeons. The clinical presentation and radiographic appearance of these lesions often results in their misdiagnosis as intracranial tumors, such as gliomas, which leads to unnecessary surgical resection and adjunct radiation. In the present study, the clinical and radiographic features of 14 patients with cerebral TDLs who underwent surgical treatment between January 2004 and January 2009 were reviewed and analyzed.

Messenger RNA expression of chicken CLOCK gene in the response to Campylobacter jejuni inoculation.

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Previous research has shown that circadian rhythm plays a critical role in host response to C.

Surgical management of intraventricular central neurocytoma: 92 cases.

Objective: To analyse the clinical characteristics of intraventricular central neurocytomas and gain a better understanding of the surgical management and treatment strategies.

Methods: A total of 92 cases of intraventricular central neurocytomas with initial treatment using surgical resection were studied retrospectively.

Results: Among 48 male and 44 female patients, 65 underwent gross total resection and 27 underwent subtotal resection.

[Application of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations in minimally invasive neurosurgery].

Objectives: To analyze the reliability and clinical value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation for resection of intracranial cavernous malformations.

Methods: From January 2007 to December 2009, 40 cases of intracranial cavernous malformations were operated under the application of intraoperative ultrasound combined with neuronavigation. There were 18 male and 22 female, aged 18 to 58 years, with a mean age of 34.

The chiasmal spur.

A 51-year-old woman underwent craniotomy for removal of a pituitary tumor. At surgery, anomalous tissue was found projecting forward from the anterior angle of the optic chiasm. Termed "the chiasmal spur," this anomaly has been described previously in 5 patients, all as an incidental finding at autopsy.

[Microsurgical treatment of adult craniopharyngiomas in 156 cases].

Objective: To explore the clinical features, surgical approaches and outcomes of craniopharyngioma in adults.

Methods: A total of 156 cases of adult craniopharyngioma underwent microsurgery at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed and classified into four types according to the location of tumor relative to sellar diaphragm and the third ventricle. They were divided into four groups: intrasellar type (n = 6), suprasellar & extraventricular type (n = 59), intraventricular type (n = 63) and mixed type (n = 28).

[Value of intra-operative ultrasound in detecting the boundaries of intra cranial gliomas].

Objective: To evaluate the application of intra-operative ultrasound (IOUS) in detecting the boundaries of intracranial gliomas.

Methods: One hundred and five consecutive patients with supra-tentorial glioma were included, male: 42 cases, female: 46 cases, age ranged from 15 - 67 years (mean 41 yrs), intra-operative ultrasound B was used to detect tumour boundaries before and after resection in 88 cases, tissues with suspicious echo was taken for verification by histological examination. And repeated MRI scan was received within 3 day after operation to judge the resection extent.

[Application of individually designed trans-fissure approach in brain surgery: analysis of 90 cases].

Objective: To explore the feasibility and value of trans-fissure approaches in brain surgery through individually designed craniotomy.

Methods: Ninety patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions, 47 males and 58 females, aged (43 +/- 14) (1 - 68), were treated by individualized trans-fissure approach surgeries. Linear scalp incision or "horseshoe shape" scalp incision were designed to perform the operation, with a bone flap 3 - 4 cm in diameter.

Intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound for brain tumors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and value of the intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in resection for brain tumors.

Materials And Methods: Intraoperative CEUS was performed in 29 patients with brain tumors pre-resection, in whom 9 (of 29) patients underwent second intraoperative CEUS for assessing remained tumor tissue after initial resection. Gray-scale and color-flow images of the brain tumors on both conventional and CEUS were analyzed and compared with the results of surgical pathology.

Treatment of alternated water-electrolyte balance and endocrine status after removal of craniopharyngioma in adults.

Background: Water-electrolyte disturbance and endocrine alterations are common complications of adult patients with craniopharygioma in the postoperative period and may affect their recovery and prognosis. Some of these complications even lead to death. Appropriate remedy based upon the status of water-electrolyte balance and the endocrine system is essential to good therapeutic results of adult patients with craniopharyngioma.

[Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive neurosurgery in treatment of cranial tumors: clinical study].

Objective: To explore the applicability of ultrasound-guided minimally invasive neurosurgery in treatment of intracranial tumors.

Methods: Thirty five patients with intracranial tumors diagnosed with preoperative CT and MRI underwent craniotomy. Intraoperative real-time monitoring ultrasound was conducted to detect the location, size and depth of the cerebral masses so as to determine the appropriate approach.

[Application of diffusion tensor imaging fractography in minimally invasive surgery of brain tumors].

Objective: To investigate the effects and prospect of application of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractography in minimally invasive surgery of brain tumors.

Methods: DTI fractography was performed in 52 patients with malignant brain tumors. Based on the DTI fractography results, 34 of the 52 patients underwent operation under neuro-navigation, and 18 of the 52 patients underwent operation routine minimally invasive craniotomy and tumor resection without neuro-navigation.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of septum pellucidum tumor and choice of surgical approaches for its resection.

Background: Tumor involving the septum pellucidum is uncommon. Surgery as the main therapeutic procedure for this lesion is a challenge to neurosurgeons. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and pathological features of septum pellucidum tumor in 41 patients and compared the curative effects of frontal transcortical, trans-sulcal and interhemispheric transcallosal approaches.

[Photodynamic diagnosis and fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas: a report of 15 cases].

Objective: To study the usefulness of the intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and fluorescence-guided resection of malignant gliomas.

Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients with malignant gliomas received doses of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD, 2 mg/kg body weight) 48 hours before induction of anesthesia. After the tumors recognized by bare eyes they were removed routinely.

The supraorbital keyhole approach with eyebrow incisions for treating lesions in the anterior fossa and sellar region.

Background: Keyhole surgery has developed since the 1990s as a less invasive therapeutic strategy for intracranial lesions, initially for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the results of surgical treatment of lesions in the anterior fossa and sellar region via a supraorbital keyhole approach using eyebrow incisions.

Methods: Between April 1994 and July 2003, 54 patients with lesions in the anterior fossa and sellar region were operated on via the supraorbital keyhole approach.

Involvement of the medial temporal lobe in priming for new associations.

This study was addressed to the question of whether the medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a critical role in implicit memory for new associations. Priming for new associations was examined in two different tasks in 18 patients with focal lesions all involving the MTL. In Experiment 1, following a study phase for pairs of unrelated words, subjects performed a perceptual identification task on old, recombined, and new pairs of words presented at brief exposure durations.