One-Selector-One-Resistor Integrated Memory Cells Based on Two-Dimensional Heterojunction Memory Selectors.

Selectors are critical components for reducing the sneak path leakage currents in emerging resistive random-access memory (RRAM) arrays. Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a rich choice of materials with van der Waals stacking to form the heterostructure selectors with controllable energy barriers. Here, we experimentally demonstrate 2D-material-based heterostructure selectors with exponential current-voltage (-) relationships and integrate them with hafnium oxide (HfO)-based RRAMs, forming one-selector-one-resistor (1S1R) cells.

Unveiling the tradeoff between device scale and surface nonidealities for an optimized quality factor at room temperature in 2D MoS nanomechanical resonators.

A high quality (Q) factor is essential for enhancing the performance of resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). NEMS resonators based on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS) have high frequency tunability, large dynamic range, and high sensitivity, yet room-temperature Q factors are typically less than 1000. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of device size and surface nonidealities on Q factor by measuring 52 dry-transferred fully clamped circular MoS NEMS resonators with diameters ranging from 1 μm to 8 μm, and optimize the Q factor by combining these effects with the strain-modulated dissipation model.

Comparing forceps and self-assembled intraocular rare earth magnet in removing metallic intraocular foreign bodies in 25-guage vitrectomy.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and efficiency of self-assembled intraocular rare earth magnet and forceps in removing intraocular foreign bodies(IOFBs) undergoing 25-gauge(G) pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: A total of 30 patients with metallic IOFB underwent 25-G PPV were enrolled into this study. Self-assembled intraocular rare earth magnet were used in 15 patients(bar group), and forceps were used in 15 patients(forceps group).

Giant tunnelling electroresistance in atomic-scale ferroelectric tunnel junctions.

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions are promising towards high-reliability and low-power non-volatile memories and computing devices. Yet it is challenging to maintain a high tunnelling electroresistance when the ferroelectric layer is thinned down towards atomic scale because of the ferroelectric structural instability and large depolarization field. Here we report ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on samarium-substituted layered bismuth oxide, which can maintain tunnelling electroresistance of 7 × 10 with the samarium-substituted bismuth oxide film down to one nanometer, three orders of magnitude higher than previous reports with such thickness, owing to efficient barrier modulation by the large ferroelectric polarization.

Monolithic 3D integration of 2D transistors and vertical RRAMs in 1T-4R structure for high-density memory.

Emerging data-intensive computation has driven the advanced packaging and vertical stacking of integrated circuits, for minimized latency and energy consumption. Yet a monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integrated structure with interleaved logic and high-density memory layers has been difficult to achieve due to challenges in managing the thermal budget. Here we experimentally demonstrate a monolithic 3D integration of atomically-thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS) transistors and 3D vertical resistive random-access memories (VRRAMs), with the MoS transistors stacked between the bottom-plane and top-plane VRRAMs.

Mechanism underlying Müller cell pyroptosis and its role in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Objectives: To explore the mechanism underlying Müller Cell Pyroptosis (MCP) and its role in the development of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Method: The expression of pyroptosis-related factors, namely, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase (caspase-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD), was detected by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in retinal tissues. Müller and spontaneously Arising Retinal Pigment Epithelia (ARPE)-19 primary cells with GSDMD overexpression or knockdown were cultivated.

Novel homozygous nonsynonymous variant of CNNM4 gene in a Chinese family with Jalili syndrome.

Background: Jalili syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal-recessive inherited disorder characterized by cone-rod dystrophy and amelogenesis imperfecta. It is often misdiagnosed in clinical practice due to its heterogeneity and rarity.

Methods: Two JS patients from a consanguineous family were included in this study.

Strain-Modulated Dissipation in Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoelectromechanical Resonators.

Resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS) are interesting for highly sensitive mass, force, photon, or inertial transducers, as well as for fundamental research approaching the quantum limit, by leveraging the mechanical degree of freedom in these atomically thin materials. For these mechanical resonators, the quality factor () is essential, yet the mechanism and tuning methods for energy dissipation in 2D NEMS resonators have not been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that by tuning static strain and vibration-induced strain in suspended MoS using gate voltages, we can effectively tune the in 2D MoS NEMS resonators.

High glucose induces pyroptosis of retinal microglia through NLPR3 inflammasome signaling.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy is currently considered a chronic inflammatory disease involving NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation and retinal microglial pyroptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome signaling induces pyroptotic death of retinal microglia under high-glucose conditions.

Methods: Retinal microglia were stimulated by high glucose levels for 24 h.

Interleukin-13 Gene Modification Enhances Grafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survival After Subretinal Transplantation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell- and gene-based therapies for retinal degeneration. Limited survival is the main obstacle in achieving successful subretinal transplantation of MSCs. The present study sought to evaluate the effect of interleukin-13 (IL-13) gene modification on the phenotypic alteration of retinal microglia (RMG) and the survival of MSCs following subretinal grafting.

Effects of etanercept on the apoptosis of ganglion cells and expression of Fas, TNF-α, caspase-8 in the retina of diabetic rats.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of etanercept on the expression of Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-8 in the early stage of the apoptotic pathway in diabetic rats, and to explore the therapeutic effect of etanercept on diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups with 20 rats each, including control group, and diabetic groups with or without treatment. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were established for diabetic groups.

Prostaglandin antagonist relieves blood-retinal barrier breakdown induced by anterior segment intraocular surgery in a rat model.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandin antagonists on blood-retinal barrier breakdown induced by anterior segment intraocular simulated surgery.

Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to a negative control group, model group, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prophylactic treatment group, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treatment group, corticosteroid prophylactic treatment group, and corticosteroid treatment group. Four hours and 48h after modeling, the concentrations of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 α in the aqueous humor and vitreous body of the rat model were visualized using ELISA.

Experimental circumferential canaloplasty with a new Schlemm canal microcatheter.

Aim: To present a new, simple, inexpensive Schlemm canal microcatheter for circumferential canaloplasty in a rabbit model.

Methods: A rabbit glaucoma animal model was established by intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Circumferential canaloplasty with a new Schlemm canal microcatheter (patent license number: 201220029850.

Infliximab relieves blood retinal barrier breakdown through the p38 MAPK pathway in a diabetic rat model.

Aim: To clarify the mechanism of infliximab treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME) and to provide a new alternative therapy for DME.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group and the infliximab treatment group. A diabetic rat model was created.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Light-induced Activation of Retinal Microglia Through CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling on the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and retinal microglia.

Methods: Supernatants of homogenized retina were harvested from light-damaged SD rats (ISHR) to stimulated retinal microglia. Stimulated microglia were cocultured with MSCs, CX3CL1 over-expressing MSCs (CX3CL1-MSCs) or CX3CL1-blocked MSCs (anti-CX3CL1-MSCs) for 24 hours, and their molecular and functional changes were examined.

[Therapeutical effect of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on rat retinal degenerative diseases].

Objective To investigate the potential of the treatment of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) gene-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods BMSCs were isolated and cultured by adherence method. By transfecting GAP43 gene into BMSCs via a lentivirus vector, we got GAP43 gene-modified BMSCs.

[Protective effects of melatonin on cultural human retinal pigment epithelial cells against oxidative damage in vitro].

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of melatonin on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen dioxide (H2O2) and its mechanism.

Methods: The RPE cells were seeded and divided into normal control group, oxidative damage group and the treatment group (treated with melatonin at the concentration of 1 x 10(-7) mol/L, 1 x 10(-6) mol/L, 1 x 10(-5) mol/L and 1 x 10(-4) mol/L). The model of oxidative damage on the RPE cells was established by culturing the RPE cells with H2O2 at the concentration of 600 micromol/L for 1 hour in vitro.

Culture in vitro modulation of human leukocyte antigen molecules and costimulatory molecules on human retinal pigment epithelium.

Purpose: To determine the potential of culture in vitro to alter the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and costimulatory molecules on human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Methods: Pure RPE were isolated and cultured. Two sets of RPE (normal and activated) were used.

Rat model for anterior segment intraocular surgery induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown.

Purpose: To develop a practical rat model of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown induced by anterior segment intraocular surgery.

Methods: A 27-gauge needle attached to infusion tubing running to a bottle of balanced salt solution was inserted through the limbus into the rat anterior chamber. The pressure of the balanced salt solution was oscillated from 0 to 12 mm Hg above the atmospheric pressure for 30 times.

Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4): a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: The aim of this sutdy was to demonstrate the selective localization of a new photosensitizer, zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS(4)), in rat eyes and investigate the ability of ZnPcS(4) to produce a photochemical closure of experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) upon irradiation with a 670-nm laser light.

Methods: To determine the biodistribution of ZnPcS(4) and the optimal timing of laser irradiation after photosensitizer administration, fluorescence microscopy with ZnPcS(4) was performed. CNV was created in the fundi of Brown-Norway rats using the argon laser model and documented by fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).