Safety and efficacy of first-in-man intrathecal injection of human astrocytes (AstroRx®) in ALS patients: phase I/IIa clinical trial results.

Background: Malfunction of astrocytes is implicated as one of the pathological factors of ALS. Thus, intrathecal injection of healthy astrocytes in ALS can potentially compensate for the diseased astrocytes. AstroRx® is an allogeneic cell-based product, composed of healthy and functional human astrocytes derived from embryonic stem cells.

Clinically Relevant Interactions Between Ritonavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir and Concomitant Antiseizure Medications: Implications for the Management of COVID-19 in Patients with Epilepsy.

Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (RBN) has been authorized recently in several countries as an orally active anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment for patients at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19 disease. Nirmatrelvir is the active component against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whereas ritonavir, a potent CYP3A inhibitor, is intended to boost the activity of nirmatrelvir by increasing its concentration in plasma to ensure persistence of antiviral concentrations during the 12-hour dosing interval. RBN is involved in many clinically important drug-drug interactions both as perpetrator and as victim, which can complicate its use in patients treated with antiseizure medications (ASMs).

The Impact of CYP2C9*11 Allelic Variant on the Pharmacokinetics of Phenytoin and (S)-Warfarin.

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of about 15% of commonly used drugs, some of which are characterized by a narrow therapeutic window. CYP2C9 is highly polymorphic, and over 60 alleles have been described. CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 are the most common polymorphisms among White patients and both are associated with decreased activity.

The effect of multidrug exposure on neurological manifestations in carbamazepine intoxication: a nested case-control study.

Background: In acute intoxication, carbamazepine concentration above 40 mcg/ml is associated with a risk of severe neurological consequences, including depressed consciousness, respiratory depression, cardiac conduction disorders, seizures, and death. Carbamazepine intoxication is often associated with the use of concomitant medications. However, the effect of exposure to other central-nervous-system (CNS) acting medications on the neurological manifestations of carbamazepine toxicity has not been evaluated.

Ischemic and Thrombotic Events Associated with Concomitant Xa-inhibiting Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Antiepileptic Drugs: Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Introduction: Factor Xa-inhibiting direct oral anticoagulants (FXa-DOACs) undergo hepatic metabolism via cytochrome P-450 (CYP450). Concomitant use of rifampicin, an inducer of these enzymes, with FXa-DOACs, has been shown to decrease FXa-DOAC concentrations in healthy subjects. Several common antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to induce CYP450 enzymes as well.