Recent Advances for Electrode Modifications in Flow Batteries: Properties, Mechanisms, and Outlooks.

Flow batteries (FBs) have been demonstrated in several large-scale energy storage projects, and are considered to be the preferred technique for large-scale long-term energy storage in terms of their high safety, environmental friendliness, and long life, including all-vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) and Fe-Cr flow batteries (ICFBs). As the electrochemical reaction site, the electrode parameters, such as the specific surface area, active site, and so on, have a significant impact on the flow battery performance and reliability. Extensive research has been carried out on electrode modification to improve the current density and energy efficiency of the FBs.

A Composite Membrane with High Stability and Low Cost Specifically for Iron-Chromium Flow Battery.

The iron-chromium flow battery (ICFB), the earliest flow battery, shows promise for large-scale energy storage due to its low cost and inherent safety. However, there is no specific membrane designed that meets the special requirements of ICFBs. To match the harsh operation parameters of ICFBs, we designed and fabricated a composite membrane with high mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability.