Application of a novel lytic phage vB_EcoM_SQ17 for the biocontrol of Enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 and Enterotoxigenic in food matrices.

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) O157:H7 and Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) are important foodborne pathogens, causing serious food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. Bacteriophages, as novel antibacterial agents, have been increasingly exploited to control foodborne pathogens. In this study, a novel broad-host range lytic phage vB_EcoM_SQ17 (SQ17), was isolated, characterized, and evaluated for its potential to control bacterial counts and in three different food matrices (milk, raw beef, and fresh lettuce).

Dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation caused by Salmonella Typhimurium in mice can be alleviated by preadministration of a lytic phage.

Many studies have shown the efficacy of phage therapy in reducing intestinal pathogens. However, phage-based probiotic treatment is poorly studied in view of effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. In this study, a lytic or a temperate phage (each at 4 ×10 PFU per day) or a streptomycin solution (40 mg per day) were administered to mice via drinking water for 31 days.

The Broad Host Range Phage vB_CpeS_BG3P Is Able to Inhibit Growth.

Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen for both humans and animals, causing human foodborne disease and necrotic enteritis in poultry. In the present study, a C. perfringens-specific phage, vB_CpeS_BG3P (designated as BG3P hereafter), was isolated from chicken farm sewage.

Evidence for the Rapid and Divergent Evolution of Mycoplasmas: Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Enolases.

Mycoplasmas are a group of prokaryotes without cell walls that have evolved through several rounds of degenerative evolution. With a low cell DNA G + C content and definitively long genetic lineages, mycoplasmas are thought to be in a state of rapid evolution. However, little associated evidence has been provided.

Virulent phage vB_CpeP_HN02 inhibits Clostridium perfringens on the surface of the chicken meat.

Clostridium perfringens is a well-known pathogen that causes foodborne disease. With a high prevalence of contamination in food, an efficient strategy is needed to decontaminate those contaminated foods and control the emergence of foodborne disease. In this study, the C.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, multilocus sequence typing, and virulence of listeria isolated from a slaughterhouse in Jiangsu, China.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is one of the deadliest foodborne pathogens. The bacterium can tolerate severe environments through biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, virulence, and molecular epidemiology about Listeria from meat processing environments.

Cellular microRNAs influence replication of H3N2 canine influenza virus in infected cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important regulatory roles in host-virus interactions. Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has emerged as the most prevalent subtype among dogs in Asia since 2007. To evaluate the roles of host miRNAs in H3N2 CIV infection, here, miRNA profiles obtained from primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs) and canine alveolar macrophages (CAMCs) were compared between infected and mock-infected cells with the H3N2 CIV JS/10.

Biodiversity of New Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting spp. in Freshwater Environment.

Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate within prokaryotic cells are the most abundant life forms in the environment, yet the vast majority of them have not been properly reported or even discovered. Almost all reported bacteriophages infecting the family, with being the major subject of studies, have been isolated from wastewater, sewage, and effluent resources. In the present study, we focused on the distribution and biodiversity of phages in an aquatic ecosystem.

A Spontaneous Mutant Impairs Infectivity of Lytic Bacteriophage vB_EcoM_JS09 against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying phage-bacterium interactions remains limited. In , RapZ regulates glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) metabolism, the formation of which initiates synthesis of the bacterial cell envelope, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS). However, the role of RapZ, if any, on phage infectivity remains to be investigated.

The complete genome of lytic Salmonella phage vB_SenM-PA13076 and therapeutic potency in the treatment of lethal Salmonella Enteritidis infections in mice.

S. Enteritidis continues to be the most common pathogen of farm animals and a major public health burden worldwide. Using bacteriophages is a potential alternative to antibiotics against S.

Emergence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance genes in animals and humans.

Tigecycline is a last-resort antibiotic that is used to treat severe infections caused by extensively drug-resistant bacteria. tet(X) has been shown to encode a flavin-dependent monooxygenase that modifies tigecycline. Here, we report two unique mobile tigecycline-resistance genes, tet(X3) and tet(X4), in numerous Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter that were isolated from animals, meat for consumption and humans.

Roles of three TonB systems in the iron utilization and virulence of the Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35.

The TonB system functions in iron transport and has been identified in certain Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, we reported three TonB systems in the Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35, but the functions of these systems have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the role of these TonB systems in A.

Isolation, characterization, and PCR-based molecular identification of a siphoviridae phage infecting Shigella dysenteriae.

Background: Shigella dysenteriae is one of the members of Shigella genus which was the main responsible of different Shigellosis outbreaks worldwide. The increasing consumption of antibiotics has led to the emergence and spreading of antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, finding new alternatives for infection control is essential, one of which is using bacteriophages.

Development and comparison of liquid-liquid extraction and accelerated solvent extraction methods for quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in poultry eggs.

Accelerated solvent extraction was investigated as a novel alternative technology for the separation and quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine from poultry eggs, and the results were compared with the results of liquid-liquid extraction. Rapid quantification of the target compounds was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. This optimized method was validated according to the requirements defined by the European Union and the United States Food and Drug Administration.

Insights Into the Bovine Milk Microbiota in Dairy Farms With Different Incidence Rates of Subclinical Mastitis.

Bovine mastitis continues to be a complex disease associated with significant economic loss in dairy industries worldwide. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis (IRSCM) can show substantial variation among different farms; however, the milk microbiota, which have a direct influence on bovine mammary gland health, have never been associated with the IRSCM. Here, we aimed to use high-throughput DNA sequencing to describe the milk microbiota from two dairy farms with different IRSCMs and to identify the predominant mastitis pathogens along with commensal or potential beneficial bacteria.

Corrigendum: Bacteriophage Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation in MAC-T Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

Alterations in the diversity and composition of mice gut microbiota by lytic or temperate gut phage treatment.

Phages, the most abundant species in the mammalian gut, have numerous advantages as biocontrol agent over antibiotics. In this study, mice were orally treated with the lytic gut phage PA13076 (group B), the temperate phage BP96115 (group C), no phage (group A), or streptomycin (group D) over 31 days. At the end of the experiment, fecal microbiota diversity and composition was determined and compared using high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hyper-variable region of the 16S rRNA gene and virus-like particles (VLPs) were quantified in feces.

Quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in eggs via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

A widely applicable method involving liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in eggs. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-ammonium hydroxide (49:49:2, v/v) and defatted with hexane saturated with acetonitrile. The analysis was carried out on a mass spectrometer via an electrospray interface operated in the positive and negative ionization modes using deuterated chloramphenicol-d5 as the internal standard.

Bacteriophage Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation in MAC-T Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Several previous studies have shown that bacteriophages can significantly affect the production of various cytokines. The aim of this present study was to investigate the inflammatory effects and mechanisms of bacteriophage vB_SauM_JS25 in stimulated MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Experiments show that vB_SauM_JS25 reduces - or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) mRNA in MAC-T cells, in a manner expected to be unrelated to its antibacterial action.

Establishment and characterization of a telomerase-immortalized porcine bronchial epithelial cell line.

Primary porcine bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) are an ideal model to study the molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of various porcine respiratory pathogens. However, the short lifespan of primary PBECs greatly limit their application. Here, we isolated and cultured primary PBECs and established immortalized PBECs by transfecting primary PBECs with the pEGFP-hTERT recombinant plasmid containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).

Diverse roles of Hcp family proteins in the environmental fitness and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been considered as a crucial factor in bacterial competition and virulence. The hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is the hallmark of T6SS. The secretion of Hcp in Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35 indicated a functional T6SS.

Comparison of the virulence of three H3N2 canine influenza virus isolates from Korea and China in mouse and Guinea pig models.

Background: Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has been the most common subtype in Korea and China since 2007. Here, we compared the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three H3N2 CIV strains [Chinese CIV (JS/10), Korean CIV (KR/07), and Korean recombinant CIV between the classic H3N2 CIV and the pandemic H1N1 virus (MV/12)] in BALB/c mouse and guinea pig models. The pandemic H1N1 (CA/09) strain served as the control.

Application of a phage in decontaminating Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major pathogen that is mainly associated with seafood and is a global concern of food safety. With high prevalence of contamination in food, efficient strategy is needed to decontaminate those contaminated foods and control the emergence of vibriosis. In the present study, a V.