Pyruvate maintains and enhances the pro-inflammatory response of microglia caused by glucose deficiency in early stroke.

Pro-inflammatory microglia mainly rely on glycolysis to maintain cytokine production during ischemia, accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). The role of energy metabolism in the pro-inflammatory response of microglia is currently unclear. In this study, we tested the response of microglia in mice after cerebral ischemia and simulated an energy environment in vitro using low glucose culture medium.

Gender differences and risk factors for acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: A single center retrospective cohort study.

Background: We studied AKI incidence and prognosis in cardiac surgery patients under and over 60 years old.

Methods: We studied AKI in patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between Jan 2020 and Dec 2021, using improved global prognostic criteria for diagnosis.

Results: After analyzing 781 patients (402 males, 379 females), AKI incidence after surgery was 30.

Repair of complex digital soft-tissue defects using a free composite ulnar artery perforator flap from the volar wrist.

Digital skin defects resulting from trauma are often associated with dysfunction of the digital nerve and the extensor and flexor tendons in the affected fingers. The repair of these complex tissue defects requires a graft containing multiple tissues that can be used to reconstruct the tendons and nerves and restore the skin. Such procedures can cause multiple injuries and significant damage to the donor site.

A 3D visualization layered anatomy for acromial arterial rete and flap design.

Background: The acromial arterial rete (AAR) is the junction between the skin blood supply of the cervical side and that of the upper arm, and it is the only site crossed by the trans-regional blood supply of the cervico-humeral flap (CHF). The aim of this study was to explore the structures of AAR to optimizing flap design.

Methods: A body arteriography and spiral CT scan were performed on 33 whole adult corpses.

Calmodulin-dependent signalling pathways are activated and mediate the acute inflammatory response of injured skeletal muscle.

Key Points: There is a close relationship between skeletal muscle physiology and Ca /calmodulin (CaM) signalling. Despite the effects of Ca /CaM signalling on immune and inflammatory responses having been extensively explored, few studies have investigated the role of CaM pathway activation on the post-injury muscle inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the role of CaM-dependent signalling in muscle inflammation in cardiotoxin induced myoinjuries in mice.

Comparative Study of Choke Vessel Reconstruction With Single and Multiple Perforator-Based Flaps on the Murine Back Using Delayed Surgery.

Objective: Choke vessels, vascular anastomosis between adjacent angiosome, play an important role in flap expansion and survival. Here we established a flap model with single and multiple perforators to detect and compare the changes in choke vessels, discuss the effect of hemodynamics on the vascular morphology, and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods: One hundred mice (7-8 weeks) were subjected to a "choke zone" surrounded by 4 perforators on their backs.

Immunological Behavior Analysis of Muscle Cells under IFN-γ Stimulation in Vitro and in Vivo.

Muscle cells could serve as antigen-presenting cells, and participate in the activation of immune response. Immunological characteristics of muscle cells, and their capacities to equip themselves with immunorelevant molecules, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the immunological properties of myoblasts and differentiated myotubes in vitro and in vivo, under the IFN-γ induced inflammatory condition.

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Mediates IFN-γ-Induced Immune Behaviors in Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Background/aims: Whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) plays a role in regulating immunologic features of muscle cells in inflammatory environment, as it does for immune cells, remains mostly unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of endogenous CaMKIV on the immunological characteristics of myoblasts and myotubes received IFN-γ stimulation.

Methods: C2C12 and murine myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) were cultured and differentiated in vitro, in the presence of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ.

In vivo immuno-reactivity analysis of the porous three-dimensional chitosan/SiO and chitosan/SiO /hydroxyapatite hybrids.

Inorganic/organic hybrid silica-chitosan (CS) scaffolds have promising potential for bone defect repair, due to the controllable mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and scaffold morphology. However, the precise in vivo immuno-reactivity of silica-CS hybrids with various compositions is still poorly defined. In this study, we fabricated the three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous chitosan-silica (CS/SiO ) and chitosan-silica-hydroxyapatite (CS/SiO /HA) hybrids, through sol-gel process and 3D plotting skill, followed by the naturally or freeze drying separately.

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV (CaMKIV) Mediates Acute Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Response.

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) in Cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced mice muscle inflammation. CTX injection i.m.

Basic Perforator Flap Hemodynamic Mathematical Model.

Background: A mathematical model to help explain the hemodynamic characteristics of perforator flaps based on blood flow resistance systems within the flap will serve as a theoretical guide for the future study and clinical applications of these flaps.

Methods: There are 3 major blood flow resistance network systems of a perforator flap. These were defined as the blood flow resistance of an anastomosis between artery and artery of adjacent perforasomes, between artery and vein within a perforasome, and then between vein and vein corresponding to the outflow of that perforasome.

Effects of Venous Superdrainage and Arterial Supercharging on Dorsal Perforator Flap in a Rat Model.

Objective: To comparatively assess the effects of venous superdrainage and arterial supercharging on dorsal perforator flap survival.

Materials And Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats (450-550g) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20), including control group (Control) and experimental groups A (venous superdrainage, Exp. A) and B (arterial supercharging, Exp.

Repair of Fingertip Defect Using an Anterograde Pedicle Flap Based on the Dorsal Perforator.

Background: The purposes of this article are to introduce and assess the results of a long-term follow-up of using anterograde pedicle flap based on the dorsal branches of proper digital neurovascular bundles from the dorsum of the middle phalanx for the fingertip defect.

Methods: Between February 2011 and December 2012, 31 patients underwent reconstruction of fingertip defects using a homodigital flap based on the dorsal perforator in the middle phalanx. The defect size ranged from 1.

[Horn shaped perforator flap pedicled with the angular artery: anatomy basis and clinical application].

Objective: To explore the anatomic basis and clinical application of the horn shaped perforator flap pedicled with the angular artery for the reconstruction of midface defect.

Methods: (1) 10 fresh cadavers were perfused with a modified guiding oxide gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized software (Materiaise' s interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin and distribution of the angular artery perforator were observed.

Vascular anatomy and clinical application of anterolateral leg perforator flaps.

Background: There is a dearth of detailed published work on anterolateral leg perforators. The authors fully documented the vascular basis of the anterolateral leg perforator flap and report its use in reconstruction of distal extremities.

Methods: Anterolateral leg perforators were investigated in 25 fresh cadavers and 10 casts of arteries.

[Localization of perforators in the lower leg by digital antomy imaging methods].

Objective: To offer both the accurate three-dimensional anatomical information and algorithmic morphology of perforators in the lower leg for perforator flaps design.

Methods: The cadaver was injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture. Radiography was first performed and the images were analyzed using the software Photoshop and Scion Image.

[Anatomy of the free descending genicular artery perforator flap and its clinical application for soft-tissue defects at extremities].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of free descending genicular artery perforator flaps in the soft tissue defects at extremities.

Methods: Ten fresh cadavers were injected with lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized volume-rendering software ( Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the perforators in the thigh and leg region were observed.

[Clinical application of the free superficial peroneal artery perforator flap].

Objective: To investigate the applied anatomy of the superficial peroneal artery perforator flap and report the clinical results of repairing the soft tissue defects with free perforator flaps.

Methods: 15 fresh cadavers were injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized software (Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the superficial peroneal artery perforator in the anterolateral leg region were observed.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on nitric oxide synthase in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Objective: To study the effect of electroacupuncture on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using modified intravascular suture technique. The NO content in the brain tissue was detected by nitrite reduction and the expressions of nNOS and iNOS were detected by immunohistochemistry.

Three-dimensional angiography of the submental artery perforator flap.

Background: The submental flap, based on a large branch of the facial artery, is an excellent flap option which is most commonly used for head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this report is to clarify aspects of the anatomy of the submental flap in order to improve the utility of this flap.

Methods: Ten cadavers were injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture.