Introduction: The low yield of bioflocculants has been a bottleneck problem that limits their industrial applications. Understanding the metabolic mechanism of bacteria that produce bioflocculants, could provide valuable insights and strategies to directly regulate their yield in future.
Methods: To investigate the change of metabolites in the process of bioflocculant production by a biomass-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas boreopolis GO2, an untargeted metabolome analysis was performed.
Litopenaeus vannamei is a widely distributed euryhaline aquatic animal, affected by low salinity, which can impact its disease resistance and immunity. However, there is a limited understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of L. vannamei with different genetic backgrounds to low salinity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: spp. are ubiquitous inhabitants of ecosystems, and many species are opportunistically pathogenic to humans and animals. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) species have been widely detected in hospitals, urban rivers, livestock, and aquatic animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe enzyme nitric oxide synthase 2 or inducible NOS (NOS2), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are important participants in various inflammatory and immune responses. However, the functional significances of the correlations among piscine NOS2, ROS and NO during pathogen infection remain unclear. In teleost, there are two nos2 genes (nos2a and nos2b).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe hepatopancreas is one of the largest organs playing crucial roles in metabolism and detoxification in crustacean invertebrates. Although toxicities have been increasingly documented for the two ubiquitous pollutants, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and microplastics (MPs), in model animals, little is known about their impacts on the hepatopancreas of crustaceans. To fill this knowledge gap, the effects of MPs and HBCD, alone or in combination, on the hepatopancreas were evaluated in a commercially important crustacean species (the whiteleg shrimp) by histological observation as well as quantification of hepatic lesion-, metabolism-, and detoxification-related parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals, its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1% and 2% BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach, and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed. Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance (indicated by greater weight gain (1.13-1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGonadal development is a prerequisite for the reproductive success of an organism, and might be affected by environmental factors such as emergent pollutants. Although marine crustaceans are threatened by ubiquitous emergent pollutants such as microplastics (MPs) and bisphenol A (BPA) under realistic scenarios, studies about the impacts of these pollutants on the gonadal development of crustacean species are rare. In this study, the effects of MPs and BPA, alone or in combination, on gonadal development were investigated in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWaterborne pathogens are becoming a serious worldwide health hazard; thus, the regular monitoring of epidemic pathogens is urgently required for public safety. In the present study, we developed a microfluidic chip integrated loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique (on-chip LAMP) to simultaneously detect 10 waterborne pathogenic bacteria, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelection of suitable promoters is crucial for the efficient expression of exogenous genes in transgenic animals. Although one of the most effective promoters, the β-actin promoter, has been widely studied in fish species, it still remains unknown in the economical important African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In this study, the β-actin promoter of African catfish (cgβ-actinP) was cloned and characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a double-stranded DNA virus that infects crustaceans, is the most serious viral pathogen affecting shrimp farming worldwide. To reduce the economic losses caused by WSSV, we screened a novel coumarin derivative from a small molecule drug library, N-(4-((4-(((2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (N2905), to evaluate its anti-WSSV effects in vivo. We determined that compound N2905, up to a concentration of 20 mg/L, significantly decreased the number of WSSV copies in Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae, with a maximum inhibitory rate of > 90 %, and increased the survival rate of WSSV-infected post-larvae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRapid and user-friendly diagnostic tests are necessary for early diagnosis and immediate detection of diseases, particularly for on-site screening of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture. In this study, we developed a dual-sample microfluidic chip integrated with a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (dual-sample on-chip LAMP) to simultaneously detect 10 pathogenic microorganisms, that is Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the rules that govern the successions of gut microbiota is prerequisite for testing general ecological theories and sustaining a desirable microbiota. However, the ignorance of microeukaryotes raises the question of whether gut microeukaryotes are assembled according to the same rules as bacteria. We tracked the shrimp gut bacterial and microeukaryotic communities by a longitudinal dense sampling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 20-day trial was conducted to reveal bacterial community dynamics in a commercial nursery of larval larvae. The bacterial communities in the ambient water were profiled by high-throughput sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated that the dominant bacterial phyla between the metamorphosis stage and postlarval stage were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes, representing more than 80.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhagocytosis suppression induced by nanoparticles (NPs) exposure is increasingly reported in marine species. However, the mechanisms underlying this impact remain poorly understood. In order to improve our present understanding of the immunotoxicity of NPs, acute (96 h) TiO NP exposure and rescue trials via exogenous supply of Ca were performed in the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the effects of age on the reproductive performance of various invertebrates, including white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei are increasingly well documented, the mechanisms manifesting these impacts remain poorly understood. To ascertain the mechanisms of age on reproductive performance, the sperm quality, intracellular contents of Ca, insemination and hatching rates, and status of sperm apoptosis in terms of the expression of key regulatory genes were investigated in 11 and 16 month old male L. vannamei.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe extensive use of TiO nanoparticles (nTiO) in industrial products has led to their release into the marine environment, thereby posing a potential risk to marine organisms. However, in addition to affecting marine organisms through its inherent properties, nTiO can also act as a vehicle for other toxic pollutants due to their strong adsorption ability through the "Trojan horse" effect. Due to their potential hazard, the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as 17β-estradiol (E2), have been considered as one of the most serious anthropogenic threats to biodiversity and ecosystem health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacterial ghosts (BGs) can be generated by the controlled expression of the PhiX174 lysis gene E in gram-negative bacteria. They are intriguing vaccine candidates since ghosts retain functional antigenic cellular determinants often lost during traditional inactivation procedures. Here we prepared Edwardsiella tarda ghost (ETG) and tested different concentrations in vaccination trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt has been suggested that climate change may promote the outbreaks of diseases in the sea through altering the host susceptibility, the pathogen virulence, and the host-pathogen interaction. However, the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on the pathogen components of bacterial community and the host-pathogen interaction of marine bivalves are still poorly understood. Therefore, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and host-pathogen interaction analysis between blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) and Vibrio harveyi were conducted in the present study to gain a better understanding of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
January 2017
Although iono-regulatory processes are critical for survival of crustaceans during the molt cycle, the mechanisms involved are still not clear. The Na/K/2Cl cotransporter (NKCC), a SLC12A family protein that transports Na, K and 2Cl into cells, is essential for cell ionic and osmotic regulation. To better understand the role of NKCC in the molt osmoregulation, we cloned and characterized a NKCC gene from the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain (designated as SpNKCC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWei Sheng Wu Xue Bao
September 2015
Objective: Purpose of this work was to explore the distribution of LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in Edwardsiella, and analyze expression characteristics and biological function of the key gene luxS accompanying the growth of Edwardsiella.
Methods: The full-length of AI-2/LuxS of Edwardsiella tarda was cloned by PCR based on the sequence on NCBI, then characteristics and conservative structure of this protein-coding gene were analyzed using web database and bioinformatics tools. The anti-rabbits serum was prepared after this protein was purified through prokaryotic expression.
The potential application of infrared and Raman spectroscopies was explored as rapid and nondestructive tools for the identification of juvenile black seabream samples intoxicated by heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Cd). Discrimination models were established on the basis of the infrared and Raman spectral data using three calibration methods, namely, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, least-squares support vector machines, and random forest. The combination of two spectroscopies was studied, in which three combination strategies were proposed and compared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNibea albiflora was immunized by intraperitoneal injection with either Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or outer membrane protein (OMP) extracted from Vibrio vulnificus or formalin killed Vibrio vulnificus (FKC). The influence of the three antigens on the immunological function of Nibea albiflora was determined at different time points following the injection by testing the agglutinating antibody titers of the serum, lysozyme activity of the serum, phagocytic activity of the blood and the relative survival percentage. The results showed that the three antigens have higher immunogenicity and antigenicity than the control group(injection with sterile saline).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao
June 2011
Antibacterial peptides are a family of host-defense peptides most of which are gene-encoded and produced by living organisms of all types. Antibacterial peptides are small molecular proteins with broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, viruses, fungi and sometimes even as anticancer peptide. SMAP-29, a cathelicidin-like peptide derived from sheep myeloid, line alpha-helical Structure, exerts a powerful broad antimicrobial activity against different pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, spirochaetes, chlamydia and antiendotoxin activity, and particular antibacterial mechanism, rapidly to permeabilize membranes of susceptible organisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an important member of cellular enzymatic antioxidant system, which may be involved in pathogen defense of host. In the present study, a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (MmeGPx) gene from clam Meretrix meretrix was cloned and analyzed. The MmeGPx gene was composed of two introns of 723 bp and 238 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 711 bp.
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