Epidemiological and Genomic Characterization of a Campylobacter jejuni Outbreak in Lishui, China.

is one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne diarrheal diseases throughout the world. Reported outbreaks of are infrequent in China. This article described such an outbreak among students from a junior high school in East China during November 2019.

Population-based active surveillance of pertussis hospitalization rates in two cities of China.

Purpose: Hospitalization is most common for severe pertussis cases and those with serious complications caused by pertussis. In mainland China, the immunization program consists of primary vaccinations at 3, 4, and 5 months, followed by a booster at 18 months with DTaP. It remains uncertain whether the first dose at 3 months, rather than 6 weeks as WHO recommended, may increase disease burden, as delayed immunization may lead to lagged protection.

Underestimated Incidence Rate of Pertussis in the Community: Results from Active Population-Based Surveillance in Yiwu, China.

Background: The resurgence of pertussis in China underscores the urgency of active surveillance to complement the passive surveillance system.

Methods: Active surveillance for pertussis was conducted from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2022, at Yiwu, Zhejiang province of China. Patients with suspected pertussis were further confirmed as pertussis cases by PCR and culture.

Emerging Sialylated Class R Lipooligosaccharides in from Seagulls Has the Potential to Trigger Guillain-Barré Syndrome - Yunnan Province, China, 2018-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Lipooligosaccharides from () have a mimicry antigen structure with gangliosides, which explains the mechanism by which caused Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

What Is Added By This Report?: All 12 strains with class R LOSs and specific serotypes were isolated from seagulls in south China. These emerging strains had ganglioside-mimicry antigen structures and possessed a high potential for triggering GBS.

Amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 of cytotoxin-associated gene A protein affect gastric epithelial cell interactions.

Background: () persistently colonizes the human gastric mucosa in more than 50% of the global population, leading to various gastroduodenal diseases ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric carcinoma. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein, an important oncoprotein, has highly polymorphic Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala segments at the carboxyl terminus, which play crucial roles in pathogenesis. Our previous study revealed a significant association between amino acid deletions at positions 893 and 894 and gastric cancer.

Extensive Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Patterns of Factor H-Binding Protein Variants among in China.

Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is a virulence factor expressed by (), the primary causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in humans. fHbp is utilized as the main component in vaccines to provide protection against IMD caused by serogroup B . In order to comprehensively investigate the genetic diversity and epidemiological patterns of fHbp variants within isolates of Chinese , we utilized the NEIS0349 locus, which encompasses the complete coding sequences of fHbp.

A Large Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak Associated with Both and Human Sapovirus - Beijing Municipality, China, 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: is a significant foodborne pathogen that leads to global outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) usually affecting less than 30 individuals. Human sapovirus (HuSaV) is an enteric virus responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE worldwide. In a study conducted in Beijing, HuSaV detection ranked second after norovirus.

Genetic characteristics and potential pathogenic agents in based on genomic analysis.

was the most common species in pets' gastrointestinal tracts and has been isolated from patients with bacteremia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, spontaneous abortion, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, the genetic characteristics and the full extent of its significance as a human pathogen remain to be fully understood. This study involved an investigation for genomic analysis of 154 strains from different sources and additional antimicrobial resistance profiles of 26 strains for this species.

Identification of pneumococcal serotypes with individual recognition of vaccine types by a highly multiplexed real-time PCR-based MeltArray approach.

Background: Pneumococcus serotyping is important for monitoring serotype epidemiology, vaccine-induced serotypes replacement and emerging pathogenic serotypes. However, the lack of high-resolution serotyping tools has hindered its widespread implementation.

Methods: We devised a single-step, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based MeltArray approach termed PneumoSero that can identify 92 serotypes with individual recognition of 54 serotypes, including all 24 currently available vaccine types.

Genomic diversity and taxonomic marker for species.

was recognized as an emerging enteropathogen and controversies regarding its classification persisted. This study aimed to reevaluate the taxonomy of utilizing the 16S rRNA gene, 23S rRNA gene, single-copy orthologous genes, as well as genomic indices such as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and DNA-DNA hybridization (). The taxonomy of this genus was reevaluated in this study using multiple indices with a dataset of 371 genomes comprising 34 known species and 14 potentially new species.

sp. nov., isolated from dog feces.

In 2019, two distinct bacterial isolates were independently isolated from the fecal samples of separate dogs in Beijing, China. These cells exhibit microaerobic, are Gram-negative, motile, and possess a characteristic spiral shape with bipolar single flagellum. They display positive results for the oxidase test while being negative for both catalase and urease.

Phenotypic and Genomic Characteristics of sp. nov. Isolated from the Stomachs of Pigs in Beijing.

is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Most reported infections are caused by and . However, other emerging pathogens have been recognized as important pathogens in humans and animals.

Prevalence, genomic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of spp. isolates in pets in Shenzhen, China.

The prevalence of .in pets is a potential concern for human health. However, little is known about the pet-related spp.

Isolation and Genomic Characteristics of Cat-Borne sp. nov. and Sheep-Borne sp. nov.

Nine novel bacterial strains were isolated from the feces of cats and sheep in 2019 and 2020 in Beijing, China. Cells were 1-3 μm long and ≤0.5 μm wide, Gram-stain negative, microaerobic, motile, oxidase positive, and urease negative.

Genetic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, and prevalence of spp. isolated from various sources in Shenzhen, China.

spp. is a globally emerging zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. However, little is known about its prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in China.

Species classification and novel plasmid identifications in and organisms.

The is a globally emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen that can cause diarrhea in humans. It is relatively homogenous and clearly distinguishes the group from other . () is a heterogeneous species and little is known about its genomic characterization in China.

A novel adaptive cubic quasi-Newton optimizer for deep learning based medical image analysis tasks, validated on detection of COVID-19 and segmentation for COVID-19 lung infection, liver tumor, and optic disc/cup.

Background: Most of existing deep learning research in medical image analysis is focused on networks with stronger performance. These networks have achieved success, while their architectures are complex and even contain massive parameters ranging from thousands to millions in numbers. The nature of high dimension and nonconvex makes it easy to train a suboptimal model through the popular stochastic first-order optimizers, which only use gradient information.

Estrogen Suppresses Cytokines Release in cc4821 Infection TLR4 and ERβ-p38-MAPK Pathway.

Estrogen has long been known to possess immune-modulatory effects in diseases, and multiple pathological conditions show great sex disparities. However, the impact of estrogen in infection has not been determined. The present study aimed to investigate the role of estrogen in infection and the molecular mechanism.

Two-Stage CNN Model for Joint Demosaicing and Denoising of Burst Bayer Images.

In the classical image processing pipeline, demosaicing and denoising are separated steps that may interfere with each other. Joint demosaicing and denoising utilizes the shared image prior information to guide the image recovery process. It is expected to have better performance by the joint optimization of the two problems.

AdaCN: An Adaptive Cubic Newton Method for Nonconvex Stochastic Optimization.

In this work, we introduce AdaCN, a novel adaptive cubic Newton method for nonconvex stochastic optimization. AdaCN dynamically captures the curvature of the loss landscape by diagonally approximated Hessian plus the norm of difference between previous two estimates. It only requires at most first order gradients and updates with linear complexity for both time and memory.

Geographic distribution of the cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in China.

Background: There are geographic variations in the genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of these genotypes among H.

Genetic and Transcriptomic Variations for Amoxicillin Resistance in under Cryopreservation.

Some amoxicillin-resistant strains of show a sharp decrease in amoxicillin resistance after freezing. In China, most clinical gastric mucosal specimens are frozen and transported for isolation and drug susceptibility testing for , which may lead to an underestimation of the amoxicillin resistance. The objective of this study is to investigated reasons for the decreased amoxicillin resistance after cryopreservation.

Diversity of 3' variable region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Chinese population.

Background: The cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) is one of the most important virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). There is a highly polymorphic Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) repeat region in the C-terminal of CagA protein.

Alterations of Fucosyltransferase Genes and Fucosylated Glycans in Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected with .

() adhesion to human gastric epithelial cells is closely linked with fucosylated glycans. Therefore, investigation of fucosylation in the interaction of gastric epithelial cells with is critical. In this study we used lectin microarrays to detect the expression of fucosylated glycans in gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) infected with strains isolated from patients with different diseases including chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer (each containing two strains) at 4 h.