Pyruvate maintains and enhances the pro-inflammatory response of microglia caused by glucose deficiency in early stroke.

Pro-inflammatory microglia mainly rely on glycolysis to maintain cytokine production during ischemia, accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). The role of energy metabolism in the pro-inflammatory response of microglia is currently unclear. In this study, we tested the response of microglia in mice after cerebral ischemia and simulated an energy environment in vitro using low glucose culture medium.

Repair of complex digital soft-tissue defects using a free composite ulnar artery perforator flap from the volar wrist.

Digital skin defects resulting from trauma are often associated with dysfunction of the digital nerve and the extensor and flexor tendons in the affected fingers. The repair of these complex tissue defects requires a graft containing multiple tissues that can be used to reconstruct the tendons and nerves and restore the skin. Such procedures can cause multiple injuries and significant damage to the donor site.

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV Mediates IFN-γ-Induced Immune Behaviors in Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Background/aims: Whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) plays a role in regulating immunologic features of muscle cells in inflammatory environment, as it does for immune cells, remains mostly unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of endogenous CaMKIV on the immunological characteristics of myoblasts and myotubes received IFN-γ stimulation.

Methods: C2C12 and murine myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) were cultured and differentiated in vitro, in the presence of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ.

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV (CaMKIV) Mediates Acute Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Response.

The objective of this study is to investigate the role of Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) in Cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced mice muscle inflammation. CTX injection i.m.

[Localization of perforators in the lower leg by digital antomy imaging methods].

Objective: To offer both the accurate three-dimensional anatomical information and algorithmic morphology of perforators in the lower leg for perforator flaps design.

Methods: The cadaver was injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture. Radiography was first performed and the images were analyzed using the software Photoshop and Scion Image.

[Anatomy of the free descending genicular artery perforator flap and its clinical application for soft-tissue defects at extremities].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of free descending genicular artery perforator flaps in the soft tissue defects at extremities.

Methods: Ten fresh cadavers were injected with lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized volume-rendering software ( Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the perforators in the thigh and leg region were observed.

[Clinical application of the free superficial peroneal artery perforator flap].

Objective: To investigate the applied anatomy of the superficial peroneal artery perforator flap and report the clinical results of repairing the soft tissue defects with free perforator flaps.

Methods: 15 fresh cadavers were injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a 16-slice spiral computed tomography scanner and specialized software (Materiaise's interactive medical image control system, MIMICS). The origin, course and distribution of the superficial peroneal artery perforator in the anterolateral leg region were observed.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on nitric oxide synthase in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].

Objective: To study the effect of electroacupuncture on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using modified intravascular suture technique. The NO content in the brain tissue was detected by nitrite reduction and the expressions of nNOS and iNOS were detected by immunohistochemistry.