Median effective dose of remifentanil for awake laryngoscopy and intubation.

Background: Awake intubation requires an anesthetic management that provides sufficient patient safety and comfort, adequate intubating conditions, and stable hemodynamics. In this prospective clinical study, our aim was to determine the median effective dose (ED(50)) of remifentanil in combination with midazolam and airway topical anesthesia for awake laryngoscopy and intubation.

Methods: Thirty-six female adult patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included in this study.

Clinical assessment of awake endotracheal intubation using the lightwand technique alone in patients with difficult airways.

Background: There is few study to determine whether the use of the lightwand technique alone could achieve effective, safe and successful awake endotracheal intubation (ETI), therefore we designed a prospective clinical study to systematically evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of awake ETI using the lightwand alone in patients with difficult airways.

Methods: Seventy adult patients with difficult airways were enrolled in this study. After the desired sedation with fentanyl and midazolam, airway topical anesthesia was performed with 9 ml of 2% lidocaine, which were in order sprayed in three aliquots at 5 minutes intervals into the supraglottic (two doses) and laryngotracheal areas (one dose) using a combined unit of the lightwand and MADgic atomizer.

Comparison of bolus remifentanil versus bolus fentanyl for blunting cardiovascular intubation responses in children: a randomized, double-blind study.

Background: The authors found no study to compare the efficacy of bolus dose fentanyl and remifentanil blunting the cardiovascular intubation response in children, so they designed this randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the effects of remifentanil 2 microg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg by bolus injection on the cardiovascular intubation response in healthy children.

Methods: One hundred and two children, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1-2 and scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into one of two groups to receive the following treatments in a double blind manner: remifentanil 2 microg/kg (Group R) and fentanyl 2 microg/kg (Group F) when anesthesia was induced with propofol and vecuronium. The orotracheal intubation was performed using a direct laryngoscope.

[Inductions and intubating conditions with sevoflurane and different doses of remifentanil without muscle relaxant in children].

Objective: To observe the clinical effectiveness of inductions and tracheal intubating conditions with 3% sevoflurane and different doses of remifentanil without muscle relaxant in children.

Methods: Totally 120 peadiatric patients (aged 4-10 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I for inhalational induction) were randomly allocated into group I (remifentanil 1 microg/kg), group II (remifentanil 2 microg/kg), group III (remifentanil 3 microg/kg), and control group (vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg).

Bolus dose remifentanil and sufentanil blunting cardiovascular intubation responses in children: a randomized, double-blind comparison.

Background And Objective: The present randomized controlled study was designed to compare the efficacy of remifentanil 2 microg kg(-1) and sufentanil 0.2 microg kg(-1) by bolus injection on the cardiovascular response to intubation in healthy children.

Methods: One hundred and five children, ASA 1-2 and scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anaesthesia, were randomly divided into one of two study groups to receive the following treatments in a double-blind manner: remifentanil 2 microg kg(-1) (group R) and sufentanil 0.

Clinical experience of airway management and tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in patients with scar contracture of the neck.

Background: Because patients with scar contracture of the neck are at a high risk of loss of the airway control after anesthesia induction, awake intubation is usually recommended. This retrospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the possibility, safety and efficacy of airway management and tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in such patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1683 patients from January 1994 to December 2006 with scar contracture of the neck, aged 1.

[Clinical observation of Cookgas intubating laryngeal airway in anticipating difficult tracheal intubation].

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of Cookgas intubating laryngeal airway (CILA) in facilitating fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and Shikani optical stylet (SOS)-guided intubations in anticipating difficult tracheal intubation.

Methods: Totally 60 anticipated difficult tracheal intubation patients undergoing selective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were allocated to FOB group (n = 30) and SOS group (n = 30). After anesthesia induction and CILA insertion, the patients were treated with FOB or SOS-guided intubation via CILA.

[Hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with upsherscope or Macintosh direct laryngoscope].

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation via Upsher-scope (USSP) or Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS) under general anesthesia.

Methods: Fifty patients with ASA grade I-II and undergoing the elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the USSP (U group) (n=25) or MDLS (M group) (n=25). After standard intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed using a USSP or a MDLS.

The minimum local anesthetic concentration of ropivacaine for caudal analgesia in children.

Unlabelled: Ropivacaine is a new long-acting amino-amide local anesthetic. The concentrations of ropivacaine used in caudal analgesia range from 0.1% to 0.